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@ARTICLE{Olana:1024360,
      author       = {Olana, Bikila Nagasa and Adem, Leyela Hassen and Lin, Shawn
                      D. and Hwang, Bing-Joe and Hsieh, Yi-Chen and Brunklaus,
                      Gunther and Winter, Martin},
      title        = {{I}n {S}itu {D}iffuse {R}eflectance {I}nfrared
                      {F}ourier-{T}ransform {S}pectroscopy {I}nvestigation of
                      {F}luoroethylene {C}arbonate and {L}ithium
                      {D}ifluorophosphate {D}ual {A}dditives in {SEI} {F}ormation
                      over {C}u {A}node},
      journal      = {ACS applied energy materials},
      volume       = {6},
      number       = {9},
      issn         = {2574-0962},
      address      = {Washington, DC},
      publisher    = {ACS Publications},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2024-02116},
      pages        = {4800 - 4809},
      year         = {2023},
      abstract     = {The synergetic effect of fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC) and
                      lithium difluorophosphate (LiPO2F2) dual additives on the
                      cycling stability of lithium metal batteries has been
                      previously reported. This study applies in situ diffuse
                      reflectance infrared Fourier-transform spectroscopy (DRIFTS)
                      to examine the impact of these two additives on SEI species
                      formation over Cu anode using a base electrolyte of LiPF6 in
                      ethylene carbonate (EC) and diethyl carbonate (DEC). The
                      results indicate that all electrolyte components and
                      additives can be electrochemically reduced over the Cu anode
                      following a potential sequence of LiPO2F2 > FEC > EC > DEC.
                      The results illustrate that LiPF6 likely interacts with the
                      Cu anode upon contact, resulting in LixPFy, which can lead
                      to a reduction peak at ∼1.44 V in CV. With the base
                      electrolyte, reduced species from LixPFy lead to the
                      formation of alkyl phosphorus fluorides (RPF), which can be
                      suppressed by the presence of FEC and/or LiPO2F2. Similar to
                      previous reports, FEC reduction in the 1st lithiation cycle
                      leads to the continuous formation of poly(FEC), while EC is
                      electrochemically reduced to (CH2OCO2Li)2 and Li2CO3 and DEC
                      is reduced to CH3CH2OCO2Li and Li2CO3. With only the LiPO2F2
                      additive, the redox of LiPO2F2 can be found in CV with
                      LixPOy as the possible reduced product. In addition, Li2CO3
                      formation from EC and DEC reduction was relatively
                      suppressed by the presence of LiPO2F2. The simultaneous
                      presence of the FEC additive can suppress the redox of
                      LiPO2F2 and partly the decomposition of LiPF6 likely via the
                      preferential adsorption of FEC on Cu. Similar DRIFTS
                      observations are found over the Li anode. The electrolyte
                      with dual additives demonstrates a possible advantage from
                      poly(FEC) and LixPOy species formation, suppressing the
                      reduction of LixPFy, EC, and DEC though not completely.},
      cin          = {IEK-12},
      ddc          = {540},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IEK-12-20141217},
      pnm          = {1223 - Batteries in Application (POF4-122) / 1222 -
                      Components and Cells (POF4-122)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-1223 / G:(DE-HGF)POF4-1222},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000974383800001},
      doi          = {10.1021/acsaem.3c00208},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/1024360},
}