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@ARTICLE{Hsieh:1024364,
      author       = {Hsieh, Yi-Chen and Leißing, Marco and Nowak, Sascha and
                      Hwang, Bing-Joe and Winter, Martin and Brunklaus, Gunther},
      title        = {{Q}uantification of {D}ead {L}ithium via {I}n {S}itu
                      {N}uclear {M}agnetic {R}esonance {S}pectroscopy},
      journal      = {Cell reports / Physical science},
      volume       = {1},
      number       = {8},
      issn         = {2666-3864},
      address      = {[New York, NY]},
      publisher    = {Elsevier},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2024-02120},
      pages        = {100139 -},
      year         = {2020},
      abstract     = {Inhomogeneous lithium deposition or dendrite formation and
                      occurrence of ‘‘dead lithium’’ fractions are
                      challenging issues, hampering the commercial application of
                      lithium metal batteries. Conditions and strategies for
                      minimizing potential failure of lithium metal anodes are
                      currently not fully understood, despite recent progress. We
                      report a protocol utilizing in situ and ex situ 7 Li
                      solid-state NMR spectroscopy to quantify irreversible
                      lithium losses in batteries, clearly distinguishing losses
                      due to SEI formation and fractions of ‘‘dead
                      lithium,’’ revealing a distribution of different lithium
                      metal microstructures on both working and counter elec-
                      trodes upon plating and stripping. Estimates of dead lithium
                      fractions of $3.3\%$ G $0.6\%$ (with $5\%$ FEC) and $9.4\%$
                      G $0.6\%$ (without $5\%$ FEC) are determined. The proposed
                      protocol affords benchmarking of commercial cells, including
                      future design of suitable strategies for effective
                      development and tailoring of electrolyte formulations,
                      fostering further advancement of high-performance energy
                      storage applications.},
      cin          = {IEK-12},
      ddc          = {530},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IEK-12-20141217},
      pnm          = {1223 - Batteries in Application (POF4-122) / 1222 -
                      Components and Cells (POF4-122) / LiBEST -
                      Lithium-Ionen-Akku mit hoher elektrochemischer Leistung und
                      Sicherheit (13XP0133A) / LiSi - Lithium-Solid-Electrolyte
                      Interfaces (13XP0224A)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-1223 / G:(DE-HGF)POF4-1222 /
                      G:(BMBF)13XP0133A / G:(BMBF)13XP0224A},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000658750600006},
      doi          = {10.1016/j.xcrp.2020.100139},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/1024364},
}