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@ARTICLE{Esen:1024374,
      author       = {Esen, E. and Mohrhardt, M. and Lennartz, P. and de Meatza,
                      I. and Schmuck, M. and Winter, M. and Paillard, E.},
      title        = {{E}ffect of prelithiation with passivated lithium metal
                      powder on passivation films on high-energy {NMC}-811 and
                      {S}i{C}x electrodes},
      journal      = {Materials today / Chemistry},
      volume       = {30},
      issn         = {2468-5194},
      address      = {Amsterdam [u.a.]},
      publisher    = {Elsevier Ltd.},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2024-02124},
      pages        = {101587 -},
      year         = {2023},
      abstract     = {The effect of prelithiation using passivated lithium metal
                      powder (PLMP) pressed onto SiCx anodes is reported for
                      NMC-811‖ SiCx cells with high energy mass loadings. The
                      effect of prelithiation degree and storage time after cell
                      assembly on the formation and growth of the solid
                      electrolyte interphase (SEI) was elucidated by impedance
                      spectroscopy (EIS) and operando solid-state 7Li nuclear
                      magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, which allowed
                      determining the optimal storage period for the prelithiated
                      cells. The galvanostatic intermittent titration technique
                      (GITT) was used to compare apparent Li+ diffusion
                      coefficients in prelithiated and non-prelithiated SiCx
                      electrodes. Furthermore, we show that the electrochemical
                      performance of NMC-811‖ SiCx cells can be dramatically
                      improved by prelithiation using PLMP. In particular, cycle
                      life at $80\%$ state of health (SoH) is almost tripled,
                      increasing from 80 to 228 cycles. Moreover, X-ray
                      photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and energy dispersive X-ray
                      (EDX) analysis show that the composition of the cathode
                      electrolyte interphase (CEI) is also markedly modified
                      compared with non-prelithiated reference cells. In
                      particular, the amount of LixPFyOz species is reduced as
                      prelithiation using PLMP promotes a more effective SEI layer
                      on the SiCx electrode, richer in LiF and Li3PO4, and richer
                      in organic components that probably also contribute to the
                      enhanced cycling stability.},
      cin          = {IEK-12},
      ddc          = {600},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IEK-12-20141217},
      pnm          = {1223 - Batteries in Application (POF4-122) / 1222 -
                      Components and Cells (POF4-122) / 1221 - Fundamentals and
                      Materials (POF4-122) / SPIDER - Safe and Prelithiated hIgh
                      energy DEnsity batteries based on sulphur Rocksalt and
                      silicon chemistries (814389)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-1223 / G:(DE-HGF)POF4-1222 /
                      G:(DE-HGF)POF4-1221 / G:(EU-Grant)814389},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:001017064200001},
      doi          = {10.1016/j.mtchem.2023.101587},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/1024374},
}