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@ARTICLE{Quade:1024566,
      author       = {Quade, Katharina Lilith and Jöst, Dominik and Sauer, Dirk
                      Uwe and Li, Weihan},
      title        = {{U}nderstanding the {E}nergy {P}otential of
                      {L}ithium‐{I}on {B}atteries: {D}efinition and {E}stimation
                      of the {S}tate of {E}nergy},
      journal      = {Batteries $\&$ supercaps},
      volume       = {6},
      number       = {8},
      issn         = {2566-6223},
      address      = {Weinheim},
      publisher    = {Wiley-VCH},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2024-02242},
      pages        = {e202300152},
      year         = {2023},
      abstract     = {An accurate estimation of the residual energy, i. e.,
                      State of Energy (SoE), for lithium-ion batteries is crucial
                      for battery diagnostics since it relates to the remaining
                      driving range of battery electric vehicles. Unlike the State
                      of Charge, which solely reflects the charge, the SoE can
                      feasibly estimate residual energy. The existing literature
                      predominantly focuses on showcasing diverse methods with a
                      gap in conducting in-depth analysis and comparison of the
                      SoE. The scope of this work is to provide a comprehensive
                      understanding of the SoE by discussing the feasibility and
                      applicability of various definitions and estimation
                      approaches from the literature. For the first time, we
                      classify existing SoE definitions, considering the
                      differences between the inherent stored and usable energy.
                      In the absence of a unified definition in the literature, we
                      propose two physically feasible definitions. Based on the
                      proposed definitions, we critically analyze the practical
                      challenges of SoE estimation. Additionally, to examine the
                      accuracy of the most suitable SoE definition, we conduct an
                      experimental evaluation using a commercial NCA/C+Si cell.
                      Compared to the State of stored Energy, we demonstrate that
                      the State of Charge underestimates the residual energy by
                      more than $3 \%,$ highlighting the importance of adequate
                      SoE estimation.},
      cin          = {IEK-12},
      ddc          = {540},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IEK-12-20141217},
      pnm          = {1223 - Batteries in Application (POF4-122)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-1223},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:001008966100001},
      doi          = {10.1002/batt.202300152},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/1024566},
}