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@INPROCEEDINGS{Sarner:1024664,
      author       = {Sarner, Stephan and Menzler, Norbert H. and Hilgers, Andrea
                      and Guillon, Olivier},
      title        = {{R}ecycling and {R}euse {S}trategies for {C}eramic
                      {C}omponents of {S}olid {O}xide {C}ells},
      volume       = {MA2023-01},
      number       = {54},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2024-02337},
      series       = {Meeting abstracts},
      pages        = {210 - 210},
      year         = {2023},
      abstract     = {AbstractFuel Cell and Hydrogen (FCH) applications will
                      become crucial to enable the transition towards
                      decarbonatization and meet the EU's zero net greenhouse gas
                      emission targets to be achieved by 2050 (The European Green
                      Deal, European Commission, 2019). As one part of novel FCH
                      technologies, Solid Oxide Cells (SOCs) can be used as fuel
                      cells and electrolyzers, enabling a fuel-flexible and
                      adaptable range of applications.However, the Technology
                      Readiness Level (TRL) of SOCs is currently assessed at 5–7
                      (H2-international, October 2022), which is lower compared to
                      most of the technologies mentioned above. In order to
                      achieve their market breakthrough, SOCs require scalable and
                      cost-efficient manufacturing trails. This involves an
                      adequate End-of-Life (EoL) material treatment, minimizing
                      environmental impact, and avoiding landfill disposals. EoL
                      strategies for FCH applications (including the SOC) are
                      currently in the early stages and have not been adequately
                      addressed. Until now, existing novel technologies and their
                      materials are reviewed based on hazardousness, scarcity and
                      cost. Initial considerations directly for SOC material
                      recovery are given in two very recent publications. In these
                      two studies, the focus was on the ceramic cell part of an
                      SOC, aiming for the recovery of the most valuable cell
                      fractions in a (semi-) closed loop scenario.Challenges in
                      cell recycling arise from the diversity of structures and
                      materials of established stack and cell designs. For
                      industrial applications, planar stack geometry is likely to
                      prevail, further subdivided based on the mechanical support
                      used (fuel electrode-supported cells, FESC;
                      electrolyte-supported cells, ESCs; metal-supported cells,
                      MSCs). As a part of the German government-funded technology
                      platform "H2Giga", we are working on the re-integration of
                      EoL FESC-type SOCs into the cell manufacturing process.The
                      concept for FESC-recycling (Figure 1.) is based on the
                      separation of the air-side perovskite materials (air-side
                      electrode and contact layer) from the remaining predominant
                      cell fraction (mechanical support, fuel electrode,
                      electrolyte, and diffusion barrier layer).[1] Separation can
                      be achieved by exploiting the chemical resistance of NiO and
                      YSZ to suitable leachants such as hydrochloric acid or
                      nitric acid. In comparison, the structure of the
                      conventional perovskites used is more vulnerable to acid
                      corrosion. The remaining solid fraction then undergoes a
                      re-dispersion step and is incorporated into newly
                      manufactured substrate. The recycled substrate is
                      characterized in terms of electrical conductivity,
                      mechanical stability, and microstructure. Critical
                      components (Co, La) in the separated perovskite liquid
                      fraction are to be recovered from the solution by
                      precipitation.The presentation will guide the audience
                      through the concept of multi-step recovery of the
                      predominant cell fraction Ni(O)/YSZ, and will provide
                      insides of the experimental results, ranging from the
                      hydrometallurgical separation of cell fractions to suitable
                      reprocessing techniques.[1] Sarner, S., Schreiber, A.,
                      Menzler, N. H., $\&$ Guillon, O. (2022). Recycling
                      Strategies for Solid Oxide Cells. Advanced Energy Materials,
                      12(35), 2201805.},
      month         = {May},
      date          = {2023-05-28},
      organization  = {SOFC: Eighteenth International
                       Symposium on Solid Oxide Fuel Cells
                       (SOFC-XVIII), Boston (Amerika), 28 May
                       2023 - 2 Jun 2023},
      cin          = {IEK-1 / JARA-ENERGY},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IEK-1-20101013 / $I:(DE-82)080011_20140620$},
      pnm          = {1231 - Electrochemistry for Hydrogen (POF4-123) / SOFC -
                      Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC-20140602)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-1231 / G:(DE-Juel1)SOFC-20140602},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)8 / PUB:(DE-HGF)7},
      doi          = {10.1149/MA2023-0154210mtgabs},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/1024664},
}