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@INPROCEEDINGS{Winterhalder:1024679,
      author       = {Winterhalder, Franziska Elisabeth and Alizad Farzin, Yousef
                      and Guillon, Olivier and Weber, Andre and Menzler, Norbert
                      H.},
      title        = {{P}erovskite-{B}ased {M}aterials {A}s {A}lternative {F}uel
                      {E}lectrodes for {S}olid {O}xide {E}lectrolysis {C}ells
                      ({SOEC}s)},
      issn         = {2151-2043},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2024-02352},
      year         = {2023},
      abstract     = {AbstractEnhancing the lifetime of SOECs is a challenge to
                      overcome regarding their commercialization. A major impact
                      on the lifetime of a cell during electrolysis operation,
                      particularly under thermoneutral potential and high current
                      densities, is the degradation of the currently used
                      electrode materials, mainly the Ni-based fuel electrode.
                      Among other things, nickel migration, as well as
                      agglomeration, is leading to a significant performance loss
                      after a certain operating time. Hence, preventing
                      degradation mechanisms of the fuel electrode during
                      operation is a necessity to be tackled for using it
                      commercially. Therefore the development of alternative
                      materials which combine sufficient performance with the
                      lowest possible degradation rate is needed. Perovskite-based
                      materials have been investigated in the last years as
                      all-ceramic possible substitutes.In this work, four
                      perovskites (i.e., strontium-iron-niobate double perovskite
                      (SFN), a strontium-iron-titanate material (STF), a
                      lanthanum-strontium-titanate (LST) and a
                      lanthanum-strontium-iron-manganese (LSFM)) were examined as
                      alternative electrode materials. The aim is to substitute
                      the active fuel electrode, at the moment commonly consisting
                      of Ni cermets, with a perovskite-based electrode while at
                      the same time using state-of-the-art materials for the
                      remaining cell components.The first task here was to look at
                      the chemical stability between the new electrode material
                      and the electrolyte under the standard conditions used to
                      manufacture fuel electrode-supported SOECs.Therefore, the
                      compatibility between these perovskites with a
                      yttria-stabilized-zirconia (8YSZ) electrolyte and how nickel
                      inside the fuel electrode affected the chemical stability
                      during sintering in air at 1400 °C for 5 h was
                      investigated. At this point, SFN double perovskite shows the
                      lowest interaction between the electrode and electrolyte
                      after thermal treatment.A thorough evaluation of all
                      preliminary tests (including compatibility, stability in
                      reducing atmospheres and redox stability tests) indicates
                      that SFN shows so far the best results of the four materials
                      in terms of application as fuel electrode material, followed
                      directly by STF.Thus SFN and STF were chosen to be evaluated
                      in single cell tests. The tests of pure SFN and STF
                      electrodes are carried out with electrolyte-supported single
                      cells exhibiting an LSCF air electrode and symmetrical
                      cells, respectively. CV-characteristics and impedance
                      spectra are measured at varied operating conditions.
                      Impedance spectra are evaluated by the distribution of
                      relaxation times (DRT). These examinations are carried out
                      to give an insight into the electrochemical properties of
                      pure perovskite-based fuel electrodes in order to obtain a
                      base for further optimization.},
      month         = {May},
      date          = {2023-05-28},
      organization  = {SOFC: Eighteenth International
                       Symposium on Solid Oxide Fuel Cells
                       (SOFC-XVIII), Boston (USA), 28 May 2023
                       - 2 Jun 2023},
      cin          = {IEK-1 / JARA-ENERGY},
      ddc          = {540},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IEK-1-20101013 / $I:(DE-82)080011_20140620$},
      pnm          = {1231 - Electrochemistry for Hydrogen (POF4-123) / SOFC -
                      Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC-20140602)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-1231 / G:(DE-Juel1)SOFC-20140602},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)1},
      doi          = {10.1149/MA2023-0154169mtgabs},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/1024679},
}