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@ARTICLE{Meishner:1024745,
      author       = {Meishner, Fabian and Ünlübayir, Cem and Sauer, Dirk Uwe},
      title        = {{M}odel-based investigation of an uncontrolled {LTO}
                      wayside energy storage system in a 750 {V} tram grid},
      journal      = {Applied energy},
      volume       = {331},
      issn         = {0306-2619},
      address      = {Amsterdam [u.a.]},
      publisher    = {Elsevier Science},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2024-02411},
      pages        = {120337 -},
      year         = {2023},
      abstract     = {Wayside energy recovery systems (WERS) can increase energy
                      efficiency in DC railway grids. Almost all commercial
                      systems connect energy storage system and grid via power
                      electronics, and most studies investigate this approach.
                      Power electronics increase complexity, space demand, and
                      investment costs.Our work presents a novel concept for an
                      application in 750 V grids: a direct grid-coupled,
                      uncontrolled WERS based on a commercial
                      lithium-ion-titanate-oxide (LTO) cell.We present a detailed
                      simulation model to investigate the application of the novel
                      concept on tramline 112 in Oberhausen/Mulheim (Germany).
                      Field measurements on two vehicles support the
                      investigations. We consider the auxiliaries’ specific
                      behaviour and use measured traction power profiles as
                      simulation input. As a result, the application of the
                      proposed WERS could save around 182,500 kWh per year.
                      Economic operation is thus possible with a service life of
                      two years at investment costs of less than 53,000 €.},
      cin          = {IEK-12},
      ddc          = {620},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IEK-12-20141217},
      pnm          = {1223 - Batteries in Application (POF4-122) / ELIPTIC -
                      Electrification of public transport in cities (636012)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-1223 / G:(EU-Grant)636012},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000992319000001},
      doi          = {10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120337},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/1024745},
}