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@INPROCEEDINGS{Eppler:1024893,
      author       = {Eppler, Michael and Hanauer, Matthias and Gerling,
                      Christophe and Berner, Ulrich and Eikerling, Michael},
      title        = {{P}arameterization and {V}alidation of a 2-{D}imensional,
                      {T}ransient, {T}wo-{P}hase {MEA} {M}odel {C}apable of
                      {S}imulating {E}lectrochemical {I}mpedance {S}pectra},
      issn         = {2151-2043},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2024-02544},
      year         = {2023},
      abstract     = {Proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFC) are promising
                      energy converters, offering both sustainability and
                      efficiency. Achieving optimal performance, however, requires
                      a deep understanding of the underlying cause-effect
                      relationships within the functional layers. One effective
                      approach for validating models that capture the complex
                      physics of PEMFC is through differential cells, which reduce
                      computational effort by allowing along-the-channel-effects
                      to be discarded [1,2].In this study, we present a
                      2-dimensional, transient, non-isothermal PEMFC model that
                      enables the disentanglement of loss contributions,
                      facilitating effective material screening. Our model
                      accounts for multiphase transport to provide insights into
                      water management and mass transport. To ensure robust
                      parameterization, we conducted a multitude of both ex-situ
                      and in-situ experiments, reducing our reliance on
                      often-contradictory literature data [3].We fitted our model
                      to a wide range of polarization curves obtained under
                      operating conditions spanning temperatures of 50-80 °C and
                      relative humidities of 40-100 $\%.$ Notably, our model is
                      able to simulate impedance spectra, which enables the
                      disentanglement of processes with different time constants
                      [4]. This approach provides a unique opportunity to study
                      the electrochemical behavior and offers a more profound
                      understanding of PEMFC performance limitations. The thorough
                      parameterization process and validation against a broad
                      range of operating conditions and impedance spectra render
                      our model reliable and effective for industry professionals
                      and researchers. We also highlight shortcomings and physics
                      aspects that require further research to deepen insights and
                      enable faster industrialization cycles.References[1]
                      Gerling, C., Hanauer, M., Berner, U., $\&$ Friedrich, K. A.
                      (2022). PEM single cells under differential conditions: full
                      factorial parameterization of the ORR and HOR kinetics and
                      loss analysis. Journal of The Electrochemical Society,
                      169(1), 014503.[2] Pant, L. M., Stewart, S., Craig, N., $\&$
                      Weber, A. Z. (2021). Critical Parameter Identification of
                      Fuel-Cell Models Using Sensitivity Analysis. Journal of the
                      Electrochemical Society, 168(7), 074501.[3] Vetter, R., $\&$
                      Schumacher, J. O. (2019). Experimental parameter uncertainty
                      in proton exchange membrane fuel cell modeling. Part I:
                      Scatter in material parameterization. Journal of Power
                      Sources, 438, 227018.[4] Gerling, C., Hanauer, M., Berner,
                      U., $\&$ Friedrich, K. A. (2023). Experimental and Numerical
                      Investigation of the Low-Frequency Inductive Features in
                      Differential PEMFCs: Ionomer Humidification and Platinum
                      Oxide Effects. Journal of The Electrochemical Society.},
      month         = {May},
      date          = {2024-05-26},
      organization  = {The Electrochemical Society, San
                       Francisco (USA), 26 May 2024 - 30 May
                       2024},
      cin          = {IEK-13},
      ddc          = {540},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IEK-13-20190226},
      pnm          = {1231 - Electrochemistry for Hydrogen (POF4-123)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-1231},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)1},
      doi          = {10.1149/MA2023-02371710mtgabs},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/1024893},
}