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@ARTICLE{Heidrich:1024928,
      author       = {Heidrich, Bastian and Stamm, Maik and Fromm, Olga and
                      Kauling, Johanna and Börner, Markus and Winter, Martin and
                      Niehoff, Philip},
      title        = {{D}etermining the {O}rigin of {L}ithium {I}nventory {L}oss
                      in {NMC}622||{G}raphite {L}ithium {I}on {C}ells {U}sing an
                      {L}i{PF} 6 -{B}ased {E}lectrolyte},
      journal      = {Journal of the Electrochemical Society},
      volume       = {170},
      number       = {1},
      issn         = {0013-4651},
      address      = {Bristol},
      publisher    = {IOP Publishing},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2024-02578},
      pages        = {010530 -},
      year         = {2023},
      note         = {Unterstützt durch BMBF Grants: “HiT-Cell” (03XP0113E)
                      und “KlemA” (03XP0190D)},
      abstract     = {X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) is often used in
                      interphase investigations of lithium ion batteries (LIBs).
                      Yet, it is unclear, if its results convey an accurate
                      picture of the lithium loss in aged LIBs. Herein,
                      electrochemical and surface analytical approaches were used
                      to separately quantify the contribution of interphase growth
                      to lithium loss in LIBs. For this, LIB pouch cells
                      (NMC622||graphite, 5 Ah) were aged for 400 full cycles at 20
                      °C or 60 °C. Electrodes were harvested post mortem and
                      subsequent investigations in lithium metal battery cells
                      showed notably higher reversible and irreversible lithium
                      loss after 60 °C than after 20 °C cycling. While the
                      interphases did not notably increase in thickness with
                      aging, the surface area of both electrodes increased,
                      leading to more electrolyte decomposition and larger lithium
                      loss. Along with the surface area increase, more
                      heterogeneous electrolyte decomposition product residues on
                      the negative electrode surface and higher
                      cathode|electrolyte charge-transfer resistances were
                      observed. In conclusion, the applied combination of XPS and
                      nitrogen adsorption can quantify homogenously distributed
                      electrolyte decomposition layers of thicknesses <10 nm, but
                      not thick and heterogeneous decomposition product residues
                      arising with 60 °C cycling. For this, the need for an
                      alternative quantification method is highlighted.},
      cin          = {IEK-12},
      ddc          = {660},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IEK-12-20141217},
      pnm          = {1221 - Fundamentals and Materials (POF4-122)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-1221},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000920240800001},
      doi          = {10.1149/1945-7111/acb401},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/1024928},
}