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@ARTICLE{Koster:1024934,
      author       = {Koster, D. and Marongiu, A. and Chahardahcherik, D. and
                      Braun, C. F. and Schulte, D. and Figgemeier, E.},
      title        = {{D}egradation analysis of 18650 cylindrical cell battery
                      pack with immersion liquid cooling system. {P}art 1: {A}ging
                      assessment at pack level},
      journal      = {Journal of energy storage},
      volume       = {62},
      issn         = {2352-152X},
      address      = {Amsterdam [u.a.]},
      publisher    = {Elsevier},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2024-02584},
      pages        = {106839 -},
      year         = {2023},
      abstract     = {Temperature is a fundamental factor when designing battery
                      packs, therefore thermal management is essential to
                      guarantee performance, safety, and lifetime in the
                      application. In the first of a series of two papers, this
                      work presents an experimental study of degradation of two
                      identical 18650-battery packs with two different cooling
                      systems, one with air cooling and one with a novel immersed
                      cooling system. By means of cycling tests, the behavior of
                      the two packs subjected to same degradation profiles but
                      different cell temperature distribution is quantitatively
                      and qualitatively analyzed. The results show that
                      homogeneous temperature distribution can be kept up to a
                      maximum temperature difference of 1.5 °C between the cells
                      contained in the immersed-cooled pack against 15 °C between
                      the cells included in the air-cooled pack. This generates an
                      increase of capacity retention up to 3.3 $\%$ for the
                      immersed-cooled pack after 600 cycles. Even though
                      temperature is kept uniform, immersed cooled pack
                      experienced cell failures, which were not presented in the
                      air-cooled pack. Application-oriented analysis discusses
                      possible merits and drawbacks of implementing such solution
                      in the application, highlighting that in some cases a
                      reduction up to 25 $\%$ of pack specific energy can be
                      experienced when implementing immersed-cooling system.},
      cin          = {IEK-12},
      ddc          = {333.7},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IEK-12-20141217},
      pnm          = {1221 - Fundamentals and Materials (POF4-122)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-1221},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000964825800001},
      doi          = {10.1016/j.est.2023.106839},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/1024934},
}