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@ARTICLE{Gutsch:1024996,
      author       = {Gutsch, Moritz and Leker, Jens},
      title        = {{C}o-assessment of costs and environmental impacts for
                      off-grid direct air carbon capture and storage systems},
      journal      = {Communications engineering},
      volume       = {3},
      number       = {1},
      issn         = {2731-3395},
      address      = {[London]},
      publisher    = {Nature Publishing Group UK},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2024-02590},
      pages        = {14},
      year         = {2024},
      abstract     = {Large-scale deployment of direct air carbon capture and
                      storage (DACS) is required to offset CO2 emissions. To guide
                      decision-making, a combined assessment of costs and
                      environmental impacts for DACS systems is necessary. Here we
                      present a cost model and life cycle assessment for several
                      combinations of off-grid DACSs, powered by photovoltaic (PV)
                      energy and heat pumps combined with battery storages to
                      mitigate intermittency of the PV energy source. Utilization
                      factors of DACSs are estimated for different locations,
                      power of PV systems and battery capacities. We find that the
                      cost optimal layout for a DACS in Nevada (USA) with a
                      nominal CO2 removal capacity of 100,000tCO2 per year
                      consists of 100 MW PV and 300MWh battery. Costs are $755
                      and $877 for gross and net removal of 1tCO2. The cost
                      difference is explained by a carbon removal efficiency (CRE)
                      of 88\%. Of 16 evaluated environmental impact categories
                      mineral resource use is most problematic. We conceive a
                      dashboard which allows to track how changes to technical
                      parameters, such as energy consumption or adsorbent
                      degradation, impact costs, CRE and combined environmental
                      impacts. In an optimized scenario and including tax credits,
                      costs for net-removal of 1tCO2 will be $216 at a CRE of
                      93\%.},
      cin          = {IEK-12},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IEK-12-20141217},
      pnm          = {1221 - Fundamentals and Materials (POF4-122)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-1221},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:001478238300001},
      doi          = {10.1038/s44172-023-00152-6},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/1024996},
}