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001025012 1001_ $$00000-0003-3650-1803$$aDegen, F.$$b0$$eCorresponding author
001025012 245__ $$aEnergy consumption of current and future production of lithium-ion and post lithium-ion battery cells
001025012 260__ $$aLondon$$bNature Publishing Group$$c2023
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001025012 520__ $$aDue to the rapidly increasing demand for electric vehicles, the need for battery cells is also increasing considerably. However, the production of battery cells requires enormous amounts of energy, which is expensive and produces greenhouse gas emissions. Here, by combining data from literature and from own research, we analyse how much energy lithium-ion battery (LIB) and post lithium-ion battery (PLIB) cell production requires on cell and macro-economic levels, currently and in the future (until 2040). On the cell level, we find that PLIB cells require less energy than LIB cells per produced cell energy. On the macro-economic level, we find that the energy consumption for the global production of LIB and PLIB cells will be 130,000 GWh if no measures are taken. Yet, it is possible to optimize future production and save up to 66% of this energy demand.
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001025012 7001_ $$00000-0002-7805-1487$$aBendig, D.$$b2
001025012 7001_ $$00000-0003-3317-2637$$aTübke, J.$$b3
001025012 773__ $$0PERI:(DE-600)2847369-3$$a10.1038/s41560-023-01355-z$$gVol. 8, no. 11, p. 1284 - 1295$$n11$$p1284 - 1295$$tNature energy$$v8$$x2058-7546$$y2023
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