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@ARTICLE{Liang:1025015,
      author       = {Liang, Ziteng and Xiang, Yuxuan and Wang, Kangjun and Zhu,
                      Jianping and Jin, Yanting and Wang, Hongchun and Zheng,
                      Bizhu and Chen, Zirong and Tao, Mingming and Liu, Xiangsi
                      and Wu, Yuqi and Fu, Riqiang and Wang, Chunsheng and Winter,
                      Martin and Yang, Yong},
      title        = {{U}nderstanding the failure process of sulfide-based
                      all-solid-state lithium batteries via operando nuclear
                      magnetic resonance spectroscopy},
      journal      = {Nature Communications},
      volume       = {14},
      number       = {1},
      issn         = {2041-1723},
      address      = {[London]},
      publisher    = {Nature Publishing Group UK},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2024-02609},
      pages        = {259},
      year         = {2023},
      abstract     = {The performance of all-solid-state lithium metal batteries
                      (SSLMBs) is affected by the presence of electrochemically
                      inactive (i.e., electronically and/or ionically
                      disconnected) lithium metal and solid electrolyte interphase
                      (SEI), which are jointly termed inactive lithium. However,
                      the differentiation and quantification of inactive lithium
                      during cycling are challenging, and their lack limits the
                      fundamental understanding of SSLMBs failure mechanisms. To
                      shed some light on these crucial aspects, here, we propose
                      operando nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy
                      measurements for real-time quantification and
                      evolution-tracking of inactive lithium formed in SSLMBs. In
                      particular, we examine four different sulfide-based solid
                      electrolytes, namely, Li10GeP2S12,
                      Li9.54Si1.74P1.44S11.7Cl0.3, Li6PS5Cl and Li7P3S11. We found
                      that the chemistry of the solid electrolyte influences the
                      activity of lithium. Furthermore, we demonstrate that
                      electronically disconnected lithium metal is mainly found in
                      the interior of solid electrolytes, and ionically
                      disconnected lithium metal is found at the negative
                      electrode surface. Moreover, by monitoring the Li NMR signal
                      during cell calendar ageing, we prove the faster corrosion
                      rate of mossy/dendritic lithium than flat/homogeneous
                      lithium in SSLMBs.},
      cin          = {IEK-12},
      ddc          = {500},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IEK-12-20141217},
      pnm          = {1221 - Fundamentals and Materials (POF4-122)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-1221},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      pubmed       = {36650152},
      UT           = {WOS:001003645200035},
      doi          = {10.1038/s41467-023-35920-7},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/1025015},
}