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@INPROCEEDINGS{Borowec:1025041,
      author       = {Borowec, Julian and Selmert, Victor and Kretzschmar, Ansgar
                      and Fries, Kai Sören and Tempel, Hermann and Hausen,
                      Florian},
      title        = {{N}anoelectrical {M}apping of {C}arbon {N}anofibers {B}y
                      {M}eans of {P}eakforce {T}unneling {A}tomic {F}orce
                      {M}icroscopy},
      issn         = {2151-2043},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2024-02634},
      year         = {2023},
      abstract     = {Electrospun polyacrylonitril (PAN) based carbon nanofibers
                      (CNFs) are promising candidates for applications in energy
                      conversion and storage. This originates from their
                      electrical properties,[1] and their relatively easy
                      manufacturing from abundant and cheap material.[2] However,
                      the utilization of PAN CNF mats in devices such as
                      electrolyzers is currently limited by their low
                      conductivities. Advanced nanoelectrical characterization
                      methods, such as Conductive Atomic Force Microscopy
                      (C-AFM),[3] give insights into nanoscale limitations of the
                      CNF's conductivity. Revealing the limitations will help
                      tailoring CNF's conductivity. Thereby, a rational CNF design
                      for applications in energy devices will be enabled.In this
                      work, morphology, structure and nanoelectrical properties of
                      electrospun PAN CNF mats, which were carbonized at different
                      temperatures, are investigated by means of PeakForce
                      Tunneling Atomic Force Microscopy (PF TUNA, Bruker). Next to
                      the fundamentals of PF TUNA, topography and current maps of
                      PAN CNF networks are presented and critically discussed.
                      Topography maps reveal relatively homogeneous CNFs, which
                      are in line with the homogeneous currents detected across
                      the CNF network. The detected current signals indicate
                      electrically well-interconnected fibers within the mats.
                      Consequently, poor fiber interconnections or heterogeneities
                      are not the limiting factor for an ideal macroscopic
                      conductivity. High resolution maps of CNFs show that a large
                      fraction of the surface area is non-conductive and that the
                      fraction of conductive domains depends critically on the
                      carbonization temperature. The nanoelectrical currents
                      detected by PF TUNA on CNFs carbonized at different
                      temperatures correlate strongly to the respective
                      macroscopic conductivities measured by the four point
                      method.The obtained results show that PF Tuna is a powerful
                      tool to correlate nano- and macroscale conductivities.
                      Future investigations, especially with CNFs containing
                      integrated additives, will provide significant insights into
                      nano- and macroscale relations and pave the way towards CNFs
                      with desired electrical properties.Literature:[1] Gehring et
                      al., RSC Adv. 2019, 9 (47), 27231–27241.[2] Kretzschmar et
                      al., ChemSusChem 2020, 13 (12), 3180–3191.[3] Butnoi et
                      al., $JMR\&T$ 2021, 12, 2153–2167.},
      month         = {May},
      date          = {2023-05-28},
      organization  = {243rd ECS Meeting, Boston (USA), 28
                       May 2023 - 2 Jun 2023},
      cin          = {IEK-9},
      ddc          = {540},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IEK-9-20110218},
      pnm          = {1231 - Electrochemistry for Hydrogen (POF4-123) / 1232 -
                      Power-based Fuels and Chemicals (POF4-123) / DFG project
                      390919832 - EXC 2186: Das Fuel Science Center – Adaptive
                      Umwandlungssysteme für erneuerbare Energie- und
                      Kohlenstoffquellen (390919832) / HITEC - Helmholtz
                      Interdisciplinary Doctoral Training in Energy and Climate
                      Research (HITEC) (HITEC-20170406) / iNEW2.0
                      (BMBF-03SF0627A)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-1231 / G:(DE-HGF)POF4-1232 /
                      G:(GEPRIS)390919832 / G:(DE-Juel1)HITEC-20170406 /
                      G:(DE-Juel1)BMBF-03SF0627A},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)1},
      doi          = {10.1149/MA2023-0181090mtgabs},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/1025041},
}