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@ARTICLE{Hesper:1025058,
      author       = {Hesper, Jakob Michael and Winter, Martin and Nowak, Sascha},
      title        = {{I}dentification and {Q}uantification of {L}ithium {I}on
                      {B}attery {E}lectrolyte {R}esidues in {B}lackmass {V}ia
                      {H}eadspace-{GC}-{MS}/{FID}},
      journal      = {Meeting abstracts},
      volume       = {MA2023-02},
      number       = {65},
      issn         = {1091-8213},
      address      = {Pennington, NJ},
      publisher    = {Soc.},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2024-02646},
      pages        = {3058 - 3058},
      year         = {2023},
      note         = {Hier handelt es sich lediglich um einen Abstract.},
      abstract     = {Due to the increasing demand for lithium-ion batteries
                      (LIBs) in recent years, the demand for resources has also
                      risen. As a result, the amount of LIBs that have reached the
                      end of their life is increasing, leading to stricter
                      guidelines that require certain proportions of recycled
                      materials in the production of new LIBs. Typical recycling
                      strategies start by deactivating, dismantling and shredding
                      LIBs, thereby generating blackmass consisting of active and
                      inactive materials (e.g. Li, Mn, Ni, Co, Cu and organic
                      carbonates). However, black mass is a non-standardized
                      resource, and its composition and purity vary depending on
                      the respective process. 1,2 Therefore, it is essential to
                      characterize and quantify its composition in order to make
                      use of this highly variable resource stream while
                      maintaining quality and safety.This work aims to identify
                      and quantify organic electrolyte residues in black mass
                      without further sample preparation. To achieve this, the
                      samples were agitated using a headspace sampler and then
                      analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and
                      flame ionization detector (FID). Linear and cyclic
                      carbonates such as dimethyl carbonate, ethyl methyl
                      carbonate, and ethylene carbonate, as well as aging products
                      such as 2,5-dioxahexanedioic acid dimethyl ester (DMDOHC),
                      were detected. The identification results were compared to
                      those achieved by thermodesorption and solid-phase
                      microextraction.Overall, this study demonstrates a method
                      for identifying and quantifying organic electrolyte residues
                      in black mass, which can aid in the development of more
                      efficient and sustainable recycling processes for
                      LIBs.References(1) Peschel, C.; van Wickeren, S.; Preibisch,
                      Y.; Naber, V.; Werner, D.; Frankenstein, L.; Horsthemke, F.;
                      Peuker, U.; Winter, M.; Nowak, S. Comprehensive
                      Characterization of Shredded Lithium-Ion Battery Recycling
                      Material. Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse,
                      Germany)2022, 28, e202200485.(2) Neumann, J.; Petranikova,
                      M.; Meeus, M.; Gamarra, J. D.; Younesi, R.; Winter, M.;
                      Nowak, S. Recycling of Lithium‐Ion Batteries—Current
                      State of the Art, Circular Economy, and Next Generation
                      Recycling. Advanced Energy Materials2022, 761, 2102917.},
      cin          = {IEK-12},
      ddc          = {540},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IEK-12-20141217},
      pnm          = {1221 - Fundamentals and Materials (POF4-122)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-1221},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      doi          = {10.1149/MA2023-02653058mtgabs},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/1025058},
}