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@ARTICLE{Krmer:1025065,
      author       = {Krämer, Susanna and Daniliuc, Constantin G. and Winter,
                      Martin and Wiemhöfer, Hans-Dieter and Gruenebaum, Mariano},
      title        = {{E}utectic {M}ixtures {A}s {H}ighly {C}oncentrated and
                      {M}olten {E}lectrolytes with {N}early {S}ingle-{I}on
                      {C}onducting {B}ehavior},
      journal      = {Meeting abstracts},
      volume       = {MA2023-02},
      number       = {2},
      issn         = {1091-8213},
      address      = {Pennington, NJ},
      publisher    = {Soc.},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2024-02653},
      pages        = {199 - 199},
      year         = {2023},
      note         = {Hierbei handelt es sich lediglich um einen Abstract.},
      abstract     = {Today's state-of-the-art liquid electrolytes in lithium ion
                      batteries (LIBs) have a high ionic conductivity and good
                      performance regarding their cycle life. (1) However, they
                      pose a safety risk due to their high vapor pressures and low
                      thermal stability. (1) Furthermore, due to the limited
                      electrochemical stability of the solvent, liquid
                      electrolytes are not suitable for the application in
                      high-voltage LIBs. (2) Molten salts, also called ionic
                      liquids (IL), or highly concentrated electrolytes (HCE) have
                      high lithium ion concentrations, where nearly every solvent
                      molecule is coordinated. Due to this, there are strong ion
                      interactions and the formation of ion clusters that lead to
                      an increased lithium ion transference number of >0.5. (3)
                      Therefore, they can represent an alternative in the field of
                      liquid electrolytes. Additionally, HCE exhibit a higher
                      thermal and electrochemical stability compared to dilute
                      electrolytes and can improve the cycle performance in
                      lithium metal batteries. (4, 5)McOwen etal. reported the
                      coordination of lithium ions and crystalline structures in
                      HCE of the binary mixtures of ethylene carbonate (EC) and
                      lithium bis(trifluoromethane sulfonyl)imide (LiTFSI) with
                      molar ratio up to 1:1. (6) Based on the concept of melting
                      point depression as known from thermodynamics,
                      room-temperature molten, highly concentrated electrolytes of
                      a carbonate-based solvent with lithium sulfonyl imides were
                      investigated. Instead of EC, the solvent pinacol carbonate
                      (PIC) without acidic α-hydrogen atoms, but four bulky
                      methyl groups was synthesized and used for eutectic
                      mixtures, as the melting point of PIC is with 187 °C far
                      above room-temperature. The physicochemical properties of
                      these electrolytes are studied with respect to the different
                      influence of lithium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide and LiTFSI
                      despite their same basic molecule structure. The focus will
                      be on the electrochemical analysis by the means of the ionic
                      conductivity, transference number and the electrochemical
                      stability.In comparison to dilute liquid electrolytes the
                      molten electrolytes show extremely high transference
                      numbers, especially for the PIC-LiTFSI mixtures nearly a
                      single-ion conducting behavior (0.9) is observed. This
                      behavior can be explained by the formation of a 2D polymeric
                      network within the HCE electrolyte as determined by
                      crystallographic measurements in the solid state. Combined
                      with the high electrochemical stability, a stable long-term
                      cycling and dendrite suppression in symmetric lithium cells
                      could be shown. Cycling in full cells with high-voltage
                      cathode materials such as LiNi0.6Mn0.2Co0.2O2 (NMC622) or
                      LiMn4O2 (LMO) against lithium metal anodes is
                      applicable.References K. Xu, Chemical Reviews, 104(10),
                      4303–4417 (2004). J. Li, C. Ma, M. Chi, C. Liang and N. J.
                      Dudney, Advanced Energy Materials, 5(4) (2015). K. M.
                      Diederichsen, E. J. McShane and B. D. McCloskey, ACS ENERGY
                      LETTERS, 2(11), 2563–2575 (2017). G. Jiang, F. Li, H.
                      Wang, M. Wu, S. Qi, X. Liu, S. Yang and J. Ma, Small
                      Struct., 2(5), 2000122 (2021). V. Nilsson, A. Kotronia, M.
                      Lacey, K. Edstrom and P. Johansson, ACS Applied Energy
                      Materials, 3(1), 200–207 (2020). D. W. McOwen, D. M. Seo,
                      O. Borodin, J. Vatamanu, P. D. Boyle and W. A. Henderson,
                      Energy $\&$ Environmental science, 7(1), 416–426 (2014).},
      cin          = {IEK-12},
      ddc          = {540},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IEK-12-20141217},
      pnm          = {1221 - Fundamentals and Materials (POF4-122)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-1221},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      doi          = {10.1149/MA2023-022199mtgabs},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/1025065},
}