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@ARTICLE{Heidbuechel:1025069,
      author       = {Heidbuechel, Marcel and Schultz, Thorsten and Koch, Norbert
                      and Schmuch, Richard and Gomez Martin, Aurora and Winter,
                      Martin},
      title        = {{E}nabling {A}queous {P}rocessing of {N}i-{R}ich {L}ayered
                      {O}xide {C}athode {M}aterials by {U}sing {L}ithium
                      {S}ulphate as {P}rocessing {A}dditive},
      journal      = {Meeting abstracts},
      volume       = {MA2023-01},
      number       = {2},
      issn         = {1091-8213},
      address      = {Pennington, NJ},
      publisher    = {Soc.},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2024-02657},
      pages        = {595 - 595},
      year         = {2023},
      note         = {Hierbei handelt es sich lediglich um einen Abstract.},
      abstract     = {Roughly $75\%$ of the cost for Lithium ion batteries are
                      attributed to material cost for electrodes, electrolyte and
                      separator. Furthermore, the production cost of the cathode
                      material is responsible for $>50\%$ of the overall material
                      cost. Therefore, technological breakthroughs for an
                      increased energy density and decreased production cost along
                      the whole battery value chain are urgently needed. State of
                      the art (SOTA) cathode active materials (CAMs) are LiFePO4
                      (LFP) and layered oxides such as LiNi1-x-yCoxMnyO2 (NCM). By
                      increasing the Ni content within NCM materials, the
                      discharge capacity and therefore the energy density on
                      material level can be gradually increased. Since a higher Ni
                      content $(>80\%$ Ni) in NCM´s implicitly entails several
                      challenges with respect to the material synthesis procedure,
                      stability during electrode processing as well as life time,
                      the broad commercialization of these CAMs still needs
                      further advances.Aqueous processing of Ni-rich layered oxide
                      cathode materials is a promising approach to simultaneously
                      decrease electrode manufacturing costs, while bringing
                      environmental benefits by substituting the SOTA, often toxic
                      and expensive organic processing solvents. Furthermore,
                      recycling of batteries and especially of the cathode
                      material, will probably become an important topic in the
                      coming years. The conversion of electrodes into black mass
                      might be cheaper and easier for aqueously-processed cathodes
                      (e.g., by using fluorine-free binders). However, an aqueous
                      environment still remains challenging due to the high
                      reactivity of Ni-rich layered oxides towards moisture,
                      leading to surface reconstruction, lithium leaching and Al
                      current collector corrosion due to the resulting high pH
                      value of the aqueous electrode paste. Common approaches to
                      suppress current collector corrosion are the protection of
                      the Al current collector by a carbon coating or decreasing
                      the pH value by using dilute acids. The latter approach,
                      especially with phosphoric acid, might lead to formation of
                      a phosphate coating at the surface of cathode particles,
                      which is able to protect the NCM against further
                      degradation.Herein, we present a facile method to enable
                      aqueous processing of LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 (NCM811) by the
                      addition of lithium sulphate (Li2SO4) during electrode paste
                      dispersion. The aqueously-processed electrodes retain $80\%$
                      of their initial capacity after 400 cycles in NCM811 ||
                      graphite full-cells, while electrodes processed without the
                      addition of Li2SO4 reach $80\%$ of their capacity after only
                      200 cycles. Furthermore, with regard to electrochemical
                      performance, aqueously-processed electrodes using
                      carbon-coated Al current collector outperform reference
                      electrodes, based on SOTA production processes involving
                      N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone as processing solvent and fluorinated
                      binders. The positive impact on cycle life by the addition
                      of Li2SO4 stems from a formed sulphate coating, protecting
                      the NCM811 surface against degradation. Results reported
                      herein open a new avenue for the processing of Ni-rich NCM
                      electrodes using more sustainable aqueous routes.},
      cin          = {IEK-12},
      ddc          = {540},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IEK-12-20141217},
      pnm          = {1221 - Fundamentals and Materials (POF4-122)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-1221},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      doi          = {10.1149/MA2023-012595mtgabs},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/1025069},
}