% IMPORTANT: The following is UTF-8 encoded.  This means that in the presence
% of non-ASCII characters, it will not work with BibTeX 0.99 or older.
% Instead, you should use an up-to-date BibTeX implementation like “bibtex8” or
% “biber”.

@ARTICLE{Kauling:1025072,
      author       = {Kauling, Johanna and Fehlings, Nick and Börner, Markus and
                      Winter, Martin},
      title        = {{T}ailoring {B}inder {S}ystems for {L}i{N}i 0.6 {M}n 0.2
                      {C}o 0.2 {O} 2 -{B}ased {P}ositive {E}lectrode by
                      {I}nvestigating {V}arious {P}olyvinylidene {D}ifluorides for
                      {D}ifferent {A}ctive {M}aterial {M}orphologies},
      journal      = {Meeting abstracts},
      volume       = {MA2023-01},
      number       = {2},
      issn         = {1091-8213},
      address      = {Pennington, NJ},
      publisher    = {Soc.},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2024-02660},
      pages        = {481 - 481},
      year         = {2023},
      note         = {Hierbei handelt es sich lediglich um einen Abstract.},
      abstract     = {Polyvinylidene difluoride (PVdF) is the state-of-the-art
                      binding agent for positive electrodes (cathodes) consisting
                      of Ni-rich materials such as LiNi0.6Mn0.2Co0.2O2 (NMC622)
                      and a conductive additive, which are processed with the
                      organic solvent N-methyl-pyrrolidone. Processing and
                      composition of the positive electrode strongly influence the
                      specific energy and electrochemical performance of the
                      corresponding lithium ion batteries (LIBs). Various binder
                      systems were studied for state-of-the-art positive
                      electrodes, however, a deeper understanding of the impact on
                      the electrode properties is yet to be acquired.1,2 Besides
                      the electronical and mechanical properties of the positive
                      electrode, the binding agent additionally affects the
                      charge/discharge cycling stability and rate capability of
                      the battery cell. An important factor is the ratio of binder
                      content to surface area of the solid components.3 For
                      instance, using a low binder coverage (ratio of binding
                      agent to solid components) can lead to weak adhesion between
                      composite electrode and current collector, resulting in a
                      decrease in cycling stability. This is due to mechanical
                      degradation upon prolonged charge/discharge cycling, as
                      altering volume extension and reduction leads to mechanical
                      stress and therefore in particle cracking and contact loss.
                      On the contrary, extensive binder coverage leads to high
                      internal resistance, due to hindered lithium mobility and
                      potentially reduced electronical conductivity of the
                      composite electrode.The properties of binding agents vary
                      depending on chain length and the degree of polymerization,
                      hence affecting intermolecular stability, swelling rate, and
                      adhesion to the current collector. While the morphologies of
                      active materials are predetermined (primary/secondary
                      particles) and the variation of the conductive additive can
                      influence the pore structure and conductivity of the
                      electrode, the binding agent is essential for the
                      distribution of the conductive additive and the adhesion to
                      the current collector. Binding agents make up a comparably
                      small part in the electrode composition, however, it is the
                      electrode component that can essentially enhance the
                      lifetime of a battery.Thus, it is crucial to understand the
                      influence of the binder characteristics on the electronical,
                      mechanical, and electrochemical properties of the cathode.
                      To understand how binder coverage can enhance or impair
                      these properties, primary particles (high surface area) and
                      secondary particles (comparably low surface area) of NMC622
                      were processed with various polyvinylidene difluoride
                      binding agents differing in molecular weight. Experiments
                      regarding the physical electrode properties such as adhesion
                      and electronic through-plane conductivity, as well as the
                      electrochemical properties concerning rate capability and
                      long-term charge/discharge cycling were compared and
                      evaluated for the two active material variants.
                      Additionally, aging studies with one of the binding agents
                      were carried out to investigate the influence of the active
                      material surface on the aging products found in the
                      electrolyte and by that gaining a deeper understanding for
                      the aging mechanisms in different NMC622 cell set ups. The
                      combination of the mentioned experimental techniques enables
                      the determination of a tailored binder system for a specific
                      active material morphology and the associated electrode
                      composition for the intended LIB application.[1] Gordon, R.;
                      Kassar, M.; Willenbacher, N., ACS omega2020, 5 (20),
                      11455–11465.[2] Chen, H.; Ling, M.; Hencz, L.; Ling, H.
                      Y.; Li, G.; Lin, Z.; Liu, G.; Zhang, S., Chemical
                      reviews2018, 118 (18), 8936–8982.[3] Weichert, A.; Göken,
                      V.; Fromm, O.; Beuse, T.; Winter, M.; Börner, M., Journal
                      of Power Sources2022, 551, 232179.},
      cin          = {IEK-12},
      ddc          = {540},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IEK-12-20141217},
      pnm          = {1221 - Fundamentals and Materials (POF4-122)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-1221},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      doi          = {10.1149/MA2023-012481mtgabs},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/1025072},
}