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@ARTICLE{Frie:1025197,
      author       = {Frie, Fabian and Ditler, Heinrich and Klick, Sebastian and
                      Stahl, Gereon and Rahe, Christiane and Ghaddar, Tala and
                      Sauer, Dirk Uwe},
      title        = {{A}n {A}nalysis of {C}alendaric {A}ging over 5 {Y}ears of
                      {N}i‐rich 18650‐{C}ells with {S}i/{C} {A}nodes},
      journal      = {ChemElectroChem},
      volume       = {11},
      number       = {9},
      issn         = {2196-0216},
      address      = {Weinheim},
      publisher    = {Wiley-VCH},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2024-02765},
      pages        = {e202400020},
      year         = {2024},
      note         = {Zudem unterstützt durch BMBF Grant: “Meet Hi-EnDIII”
                      (03XP0258C) und die Research Training Gruppe
                      “mobilEM”(GRK 1856/11856/2)},
      abstract     = {Calendaric lifetime testing of lithium-ion cells is
                      time-consuming and resource-intensive. As Dubarry
                      et al.[1] state, testing is often limited to a few aging
                      conditions. This paper presents the results of a long-term
                      aging study on lithium-ion cells with a nickel-rich NCA
                      cathode and a graphite-silicon anode. 69 cells were stored
                      at 5 different voltages and under 4 different temperatures
                      for 5 years. Regular reference performance tests (RPT)
                      provide insights for State of Health (SoH) calculation and
                      further analysis through differential voltage analysis. The
                      results are verified against post-mortem analyses. The long
                      aging period enables accurate determination of aging rates.
                      Our results demonstrate that the storage voltage level
                      strongly influences the degradation rate, with temperature
                      playing a minor role. The identified aging effects include
                      loss of active material on the cathode side and loss of
                      lithium inventory. Initial degradation follows a
                      urn:x-wiley:21960216:media:celc202400020:celc202400020-math-0001
                      -trajectory but is caused by overhang effects. The long-term
                      aging is rather linear.},
      cin          = {IEK-12},
      ddc          = {540},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IEK-12-20141217},
      pnm          = {1223 - Batteries in Application (POF4-122) / BMBF 03XP0084B
                      - MEET Hi-EnD II - Weiterentwicklung und Untersuchung von
                      Materialien auf metallischen Anodenwerkstoffen
                      (BMBF-03XP0084B) / BMBF 03XP0320A - BALd - Beschleunigte
                      Alterungstests und Lebensdauerprognosen (BMBF-03XP0320A)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-1223 / G:(DE-82)BMBF-03XP0084B /
                      G:(DE-82)BMBF-03XP0320A},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:001198756700001},
      doi          = {10.1002/celc.202400020},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/1025197},
}