% IMPORTANT: The following is UTF-8 encoded.  This means that in the presence
% of non-ASCII characters, it will not work with BibTeX 0.99 or older.
% Instead, you should use an up-to-date BibTeX implementation like “bibtex8” or
% “biber”.

@ARTICLE{Moy:1025219,
      author       = {Moy, Alexandra C. and Häuschen, Grit and
                      Fattakhova-Rohlfing, Dina and Wolfenstine, Jeffrey B. and
                      Finsterbusch, Martin and Sakamoto, Jeff},
      title        = {{T}he effects of aluminum concentration on the
                      microstructural and electrochemical properties of lithium
                      lanthanum zirconium oxide},
      journal      = {Journal of materials chemistry / A},
      volume       = {10},
      number       = {41},
      issn         = {2050-7488},
      address      = {London ˜[u.a.]œ},
      publisher    = {RSC},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2024-02787},
      pages        = {21955 - 21972},
      year         = {2022},
      abstract     = {Cubic lithium lanthanum zirconium oxide
                      (Li7−xAlxLa3Zr2O12, LLZO) garnet has gained attention as a
                      promising next-generation electrolyte for lithium batteries
                      due to its high ionic conductivity and chemical stability
                      with lithium metal. The high conductivity can be achieved
                      through doping over a range of aluminum concentrations. In
                      this study, we hot-pressed samples to achieve $<2\%$ nominal
                      porosity with aluminum concentrations from x = 0.25–0.55
                      mol to understand the effect of aluminum on microstructure
                      and electrochemistry. It was observed that beyond the
                      aluminum solubility limit (x = ∼0.40), resistive secondary
                      phases formed at the grain boundaries. As a result, the
                      percent grain boundary resistance increased from 17.6 to
                      $41.2\%$ for x = 0.25 and x = 0.55, respectively. Both the
                      grain boundary and bulk activation energies remained
                      relatively constant as the aluminum concentrations increased
                      (∼0.44 eV and ∼0.39 eV, respectively). It was,
                      therefore, surmised that the mobility term of the
                      Nernst–Einstein equation was roughly independent of
                      aluminum concentration and the major variable controlling
                      bulk conductivity was the number of lithium charge carriers.
                      As a result, as the aluminum concentration increased from x
                      = 0.25 to x = 0.55 the bulk conductivity decreased from 0.56
                      to 0.15 mS cm−1. Following these trends of increasing
                      grain boundary resistance and decreasing bulk conductivity
                      with increasing aluminum concentration, x = 0.25 had the
                      highest total conductivity (0.46 mS cm−1). We demonstrated
                      that aluminum concentration has a significant effect on the
                      microstructure and electrochemical properties of LLZO. We
                      believe this work could help understand how to link
                      processing, microstructure, and electrochemical properties
                      to guide the manufacturing of LLZO for use in solid-state
                      batteries.},
      cin          = {IEK-1},
      ddc          = {530},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IEK-1-20101013},
      pnm          = {1221 - Fundamentals and Materials (POF4-122) / 1222 -
                      Components and Cells (POF4-122)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-1221 / G:(DE-HGF)POF4-1222},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000861716200001},
      doi          = {10.1039/D2TA03676B},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/1025219},
}