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@ARTICLE{Kruse:1025388,
      author       = {Kruse, C. G. and Alexander, M. J. and Bramberger, M. and
                      Chattopadhyay, A. and Hassanzadeh, P. and Green, B. and
                      Grimsdell, A. and Hoffmann, L.},
      title        = {{R}ecreating {O}bserved {C}onvection‐{G}enerated
                      {G}ravity {W}aves {F}rom {W}eather {R}adar {O}bservations
                      via a {N}eural {N}etwork and a {D}ynamical {A}tmospheric
                      {M}odel},
      journal      = {Journal of advances in modeling earth systems},
      volume       = {16},
      number       = {4},
      issn         = {1942-2466},
      address      = {Fort Collins, Colo.},
      publisher    = {[Verlag nicht ermittelbar]},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2024-02851},
      pages        = {e2023MS003624},
      year         = {2024},
      abstract     = {Convection-generated gravity waves (CGWs) transport
                      momentum and energy, and this momentum is a dominant driver
                      of global features of Earth's atmosphere's general
                      circulation (e.g., the quasi-biennial oscillation, the
                      pole-to-pole mesospheric circulation). As CGWs are not
                      generally resolved by global weather and climate models,
                      their effects on the circulation need to be parameterized.
                      However, quality observations of GWs are spatiotemporally
                      sparse, limiting understanding and preventing constraints on
                      parameterizations. Convection-permitting or -resolving
                      simulations do generate CGWs, but validation is not possible
                      as these simulations cannot reproduce the CGW-forcing
                      convection at correct times, locations, and intensities.
                      Here, realistic convective diabatic heating, learned from
                      full-physics convection-permitting Weather Research and
                      Forecasting simulations, is predicted from weather radar
                      observations using neural networks and a previously
                      developed look-up table. These heating rates are then used
                      to force an idealized GW-resolving dynamical model.
                      Simulated CGWs forced in this way closely resembled those
                      observed by the Atmospheric InfraRed Sounder in the upper
                      stratosphere. CGW drag in these validated simulations
                      extends 100s of kilometers away from the convective sources,
                      highlighting errors in current gravity wave drag
                      parameterizations due to the use of the ubiquitous
                      single-column approximation. Such validatable simulations
                      have significant potential to be used to further basic
                      understanding of CGWs, improve their parameterizations
                      physically, and provide more restrictive constraints on
                      tuning with confidence.},
      cin          = {JSC},
      ddc          = {550},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)JSC-20090406},
      pnm          = {5111 - Domain-Specific Simulation $\&$ Data Life Cycle Labs
                      (SDLs) and Research Groups (POF4-511)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-5111},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:001202967100001},
      doi          = {10.1029/2023MS003624},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/1025388},
}