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@ARTICLE{Haneke:1025928,
      author       = {Haneke, Lukas and Pfeiffer, Felix and Bärmann, Peer and
                      Wrogemann, Jens and Peschel, Christoph and Neumann, Jonas
                      and Kux, Fabian and Nowak, Sascha and Winter, Martin and
                      Placke, Tobias},
      title        = {{I}nsights into {E}lectrolytic {P}re‐{L}ithiation: {A}
                      {T}horough {A}nalysis {U}sing {S}ilicon {T}hin {F}ilm
                      {A}nodes},
      journal      = {Small},
      volume       = {19},
      number       = {8},
      issn         = {1613-6810},
      address      = {Weinheim},
      publisher    = {Wiley-VCH},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2024-03206},
      pages        = {2206092},
      year         = {2023},
      note         = {Unterstützt durch BMBF Projekt “PräLi” (03XP0238X).},
      abstract     = {Pre-lithiation via electrolysis, herein defined as
                      electrolytic pre-lithiation, using cost-efficient
                      electrolytes based on lithium chloride (LiCl), is
                      successfully demonstrated as a proof-of-concept for enabling
                      lithium-ion battery full-cells with high silicon content
                      negative electrodes. An electrolyte for pre-lithiation based
                      on γ-butyrolactone and LiCl is optimized using
                      boron-containing additives (lithium bis(oxalato)borate,
                      lithium difluoro(oxalate)borate) and CO2 with respect to the
                      formation of a protective solid electrolyte interphase (SEI)
                      on silicon thin films as model electrodes. Reversible
                      lithiation in Si||Li metal cells is demonstrated with
                      Coulombic efficiencies (CEff) of $95–96\%$ for optimized
                      electrolytes comparable to 1 m LiPF6/EC:EMC 3:7. Formation
                      of an effective SEI is shown by cyclic voltammetry and X-ray
                      photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). electrolytic
                      pre-lithiation experiments show that notable amounts of the
                      gaseous product Cl2 dissolve in the electrolyte leading to a
                      self-discharge Cl2/Cl− shuttle mechanism between the
                      electrodes lowering pre-lithiation efficiency and causing
                      current collector corrosion. However, no significant
                      degradation of the Si active material and the SEI due to
                      contact with elemental chlorine is found by SEM, impedance,
                      and XPS. In NCM111||Si full-cells, the capacity retention in
                      the 100th cycle can be significantly increased from $54\%$
                      to $78\%$ by electrolytic pre-lithiation, compared to
                      reference cells without pre-lithiation of Si.},
      cin          = {IEK-12},
      ddc          = {620},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IEK-12-20141217},
      pnm          = {1221 - Fundamentals and Materials (POF4-122)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-1221},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      pubmed       = {36504320},
      UT           = {WOS:000896906000001},
      doi          = {10.1002/smll.202206092},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/1025928},
}