TY - JOUR AU - Kovalev, Kirill AU - Tsybrov, Fedor AU - Alekseev, Alexey AU - Shevchenko, Vitaly AU - Soloviov, Dmytro AU - Siletsky, Sergey AU - Bourenkov, Gleb AU - Agthe, Michael AU - Nikolova, Marina AU - von Stetten, David AU - Astashkin, Roman AU - Bukhdruker, Sergey AU - Chizhov, Igor AU - Royant, Antoine AU - Kuzmin, Alexander AU - Gushchin, Ivan AU - Rosselli, Riccardo AU - Rodriguez-Valera, Francisco AU - Ilyinskiy, Nikolay AU - Rogachev, Andrey AU - Borshchevskiy, Valentin AU - Schneider, Thomas R. AU - Bamberg, Ernst AU - Gordeliy, Valentin TI - Mechanisms of inward transmembrane proton translocation JO - Nature structural & molecular biology VL - 30 IS - 7 SN - 1545-9993 CY - London [u.a.] PB - Nature Publishing Group M1 - FZJ-2024-03247 SP - 970 - 979 PY - 2023 AB - Proton transport is indispensable for cell life. It is believed that molecular mechanisms of proton movement through different types of proton-conducting molecules have general universal features. However, elucidation of such mechanisms is a challenge. It requires true-atomic-resolution structures of all key proton-conducting states. Here we present a comprehensive function-structure study of a light-driven bacterial inward proton pump, xenorhodopsin, from Bacillus coahuilensis in all major proton-conducting states. The structures reveal that proton translocation is based on proton wires regulated by internal gates. The wires serve as both selectivity filters and translocation pathways for protons. The cumulative results suggest a general concept of proton translocation. We demonstrate the use of serial time-resolved crystallography at a synchrotron source with sub-millisecond resolution for rhodopsin studies, opening the door for principally new applications. The results might also be of interest for optogenetics since xenorhodopsins are the only alternative tools to fire neurons. LB - PUB:(DE-HGF)16 C6 - 37386213 UR - <Go to ISI:>//WOS:001020309800001 DO - DOI:10.1038/s41594-023-01020-9 UR - https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/1025970 ER -