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@ARTICLE{Wunderle:1027013,
      author       = {Wunderle, Veronika and Kuzu, Taylan D. and Tscherpel,
                      Caroline and Fink, Gereon R. and Grefkes, Christian and
                      Weiss-Blankenhorn, Peter},
      title        = {{A}ge- and sex-related changes in motor functions: a
                      comprehensive assessment and component analysis},
      journal      = {Frontiers in aging neuroscience},
      volume       = {16},
      issn         = {1663-4365},
      address      = {Lausanne},
      publisher    = {Frontiers Research Foundation},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2024-03579},
      pages        = {1368052},
      year         = {2024},
      abstract     = {Age-related motor impairments often cause caregiver
                      dependency or evenhospitalization. However, comprehensive
                      investigations of the different motorabilities and the
                      changes thereof across the adult lifespan remain sparse.
                      We,therefore, extensively assessed essential basic and
                      complex motor functionsin 444 healthy adults covering a wide
                      age range (range 21 to 88 years). Basicmotor functions, here
                      defined as simple isolated single or repetitive movementsin
                      one direction, were assessed by means of maximum grip
                      strength (GS) andmaximum finger-tapping frequency (FTF).
                      Complex motor functions, comprisingcomposite sequential
                      movements involving both proximal and distal joints/muscle
                      groups, were evaluated with the Action Research Arm Test
                      (ARAT), theJebsen-Taylor Hand Function Test (JTT), and the
                      Purdue Pegboard Test. Menachieved higher scores than women
                      concerning GS and FTF, whereas womenstacked more pins per
                      time than men during the Purdue Pegboard Test. Therewas no
                      significant sex effect regarding JTT. We observed a
                      significant but taskspecificreduction of basic and complex
                      motor performance scores across theadult lifespan. Linear
                      regression analyses significantly predicted the
                      participants’ages based on motor performance scores (R2 =
                      0.502). Of note, the ratiobetween the left- and right-hand
                      performance remained stable across ages forall tests.
                      Principal Component Analysis (PCA) revealed three motor
                      componentsacross all tests that represented dexterity,
                      force, and speed. These componentswere consistently present
                      in young (21–40 years), middle-aged (41–60 years),and
                      older (61–88 years) adults, as well as in women and men.
                      Based on thethree motor components, K-means clustering
                      analysis differentiated high- andlow-performing participants
                      across the adult life span. The rich motor data set of444
                      healthy participants revealed age- and sex-dependent changes
                      in essentialbasic and complex motor functions. Notably, the
                      comprehensive assessmentallowed for generating robust motor
                      components across the adult lifespan. Ourdata may serve as a
                      reference for future studies of healthy subjects and
                      patientswith motor deficits. Moreover, these findings
                      emphasize the importance ofcomprehensively assessing
                      different motor functions, including dexterity, force,and
                      speed, to characterize human motor abilities and their
                      age-related decline},
      cin          = {INM-3},
      ddc          = {610},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)INM-3-20090406},
      pnm          = {5251 - Multilevel Brain Organization and Variability
                      (POF4-525) / DFG project 431549029 - SFB 1451:
                      Schlüsselmechanismen normaler und krankheitsbedingt
                      gestörter motorischer Kontrolle (431549029)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-5251 / G:(GEPRIS)431549029},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      pubmed       = {38813530},
      UT           = {WOS:001234394100001},
      doi          = {10.3389/fnagi.2024.1368052},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/1027013},
}