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@INPROCEEDINGS{VonEugen:1027703,
      author       = {Von Eugen, K. and Endepols, H. and Drzezga, A. and
                      Neumaier, B. and Güntürkün, O. and Backes, H. and
                      Ströckens, F.},
      title        = {{A}vian neurons consume three times less glucose compared
                      to mammals},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2024-04013},
      year         = {2022},
      abstract     = {Ziel/Aim Brains are some of the most energetically costly
                      tissues of the mammalianbody. This is predominantly caused
                      by expensive neurons with highglucose demands. Across
                      mammals, there appears to be a fixed neuronal energybudget
                      and it is thought this posed an evolutionary constraint on
                      braingrowth. Recently it was found birds have higher numbers
                      of neurons comparedto similarly sized mammals. We set out to
                      determine the neuronal energy budgetof birds to elucidate
                      how they can metabolically support such high numbersof
                      neurons.Methodik/Methods We estimated glucose metabolism
                      with positron emissiontomography (PET) and
                      2-F-18-fluoro-2-deoxyglucose (FDG) as radiotracerin awake
                      and anesthetized pigeons. Combined with kinetic modelling,
                      this allowsto quantify the exact cerebral metabolic rate of
                      glucose consumption(CMRglc).Ergebnisse/Results We found that
                      neural tissue in the pigeon consumes27.29 ± 1.57 μmol
                      glucose per 100 g per min in awake state and 23.15 ±
                      4.77μmol glucose per 100 g per min in anesthetized state.
                      For the awake pigeon,this translates into a surprisingly low
                      neuronal energy budget of 1.86 x 10-9 ± 0.2x 10-9 μmol
                      glucose per neuron per minute, being approximately 3 times
                      lowercompared to the average mammalian
                      neuron.Schlussfolgerungen/Conclusions The low neuronal
                      energy budget explainshow pigeons, and possibly other avian
                      species, can support such high numbersof neurons without the
                      associated metabolic costs nor compromising on
                      neuronalsignalling. The advantage in neuronal processing of
                      information at ahigher efficiency possibly emerged within
                      the distinct evolution of the avianbrain.},
      month         = {Apr},
      date          = {2022-04-27},
      organization  = {60. Jahrestagung der Deutschen
                       Gesellschaft für Nuklearmedizin,
                       Leipzig (Germany), 27 Apr 2022 - 30 Apr
                       2022},
      subtyp        = {After Call},
      cin          = {INM-5 / INM-2},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)INM-5-20090406 / I:(DE-Juel1)INM-2-20090406},
      pnm          = {5253 - Neuroimaging (POF4-525)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-5253},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)6},
      doi          = {10.1055/s-0042-1746135},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/1027703},
}