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@PHDTHESIS{Breuer:1028377,
      author       = {Breuer, Janos},
      title        = {{S}enkung zukünftiger {S}tickoxid- und
                      {P}artikelemissionen in {N}ordrhein-{W}estfalen durch den
                      {E}insatz alternativer {E}nergieträger und {A}ntriebe},
      volume       = {632},
      school       = {RWTH Aachen University},
      type         = {Dissertation},
      address      = {Jülich},
      publisher    = {Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH Zentralbibliothek, Verlag},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2024-04558},
      isbn         = {978-3-95806-760-8},
      series       = {Schriften des Forschungszentrums Jülich Reihe Energie $\&$
                      Umwelt / Energy $\&$ Environment},
      pages        = {vii, 339},
      year         = {2024},
      note         = {Dissertation, RWTH Aachen University, 2024},
      abstract     = {This thesis aims to answer the research question of how
                      alternative fuels and powertrains can reduce nitrogen oxide
                      (NOx) and particulate matter (PM) emissions in hotspots. The
                      thesis proposes a new spatial bottom-up model that computes
                      mileages and local pollutants of road transport, inland
                      waterway transport, rail transport and air transport for
                      North Rhine-Westphalia (NRW) as representative case study.
                      The model is organised in sub-modules. For instance, one
                      module determines mileages and transport performances for
                      each section of the transport networks using timetables,
                      flight schedules, data from the Federal Statistical Office
                      and a developed statistical model. Another module calculates
                      emissions on each network section taking different vehicle
                      classes, vehicle sizes, emission technologies, powertrains
                      and fuels into account. Finally, a novel module balances
                      emissions in urban areas for a following analysis. Besides
                      the calculation of current emissions, several scenarios for
                      future developments of the transportsector and their
                      emissions were considered in the case study. Boundary
                      conditions for future scenarios were set using forecasts of
                      traffic performances for inland waterway transport and air
                      transport, a developed model approach for forecasting road
                      transport mileages, and devised approaches for determining
                      fleet developments. The assumption for the reference
                      scenarios was the continuation of using conventional fuels.
                      The other tested scenarios included various alternative fuel
                      options and powertrains, which were selected based on a
                      novel methodology for selecting promising future fuel
                      options. More specifically, the fuel options for road
                      transport were Fischer-Tropsch diesel/ hydrogenated
                      vegetable oil,Methanol to Gasoline, natural gas, dimethyl
                      ether, hydrogen in fuel cells and electric power. Meanwhile,
                      the fuel options for inland waterway transport were natural
                      gas as well as hydrogen in fuel cells and internal
                      combustion engines and for avitation the fuel option was
                      Fischer-Tropsch kerosene. These and the reference scenarios
                      were simulated with the proposed model.},
      cin          = {IEK-14},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IEK-14-20191129},
      pnm          = {899 - ohne Topic (POF4-899)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-899},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)3 / PUB:(DE-HGF)11},
      urn          = {urn:nbn:de:0001-20240724095443094-3314839-8},
      doi          = {10.34734/FZJ-2024-04558},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/1028377},
}