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@ARTICLE{Glcker:1028492,
      author       = {Glücker, Philipp and Pesch, Thiemo and Benigni, Andrea},
      title        = {{O}ptimal sizing of battery energy storage system for local
                      multi-energy systems: {T}he impact of the thermal vector},
      journal      = {Applied energy},
      volume       = {372},
      issn         = {0306-2619},
      address      = {Amsterdam [u.a.]},
      publisher    = {Elsevier Science},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2024-04644},
      pages        = {123732 -},
      year         = {2024},
      abstract     = {Battery energy storage systems (BESS) can complement the
                      variability of local renewable energy sources.However,
                      existing research focuses on the design of BESS for
                      electricity systems, mainly neglecting interactionwith other
                      energy vectors, e.g., the thermal vector. This study
                      investigates the impact of explicitly modellingthe thermal
                      vector on the optimal design of BESS within local
                      multi-energy systems. A holistic problem,including the
                      nonlinear representation of the AC power flow, was developed
                      within a non-convex mixedinteger quadratically constrained
                      program formulation. Two modelling approaches were employed:
                      the explicitmodelling of the thermal vector, and its
                      implicit consideration within an all-electric demand model.
                      Theseapproaches were applied to investigate the impact of
                      neglecting the thermal vector on the optimal BESSdesign in
                      two real-world case studies. A constant and a time-varying
                      electricity tariff, and three differentsolar irradiance
                      scenarios were investigated. The results show significant
                      BESS oversizing, higher annual costsand higher global
                      warming impact when neglecting the explicit model of the
                      thermal vector, both within abuilding and a local energy
                      community. A time-varying electricity tariff enhances the
                      BESS oversizing, withup to $20.5\%$ oversizing for the BESS
                      for a high solar irradiance scenario. Moreover, the annual
                      costs of theall-electric demand model are around $8\%$
                      higher compared to the explicit multi-energy model. Our
                      findingsclearly state the importance of explicitly modelling
                      the coupled thermal vector during the sizing of
                      electricalstorage systems.},
      cin          = {IEK-10},
      ddc          = {620},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IEK-10-20170217},
      pnm          = {1122 - Design, Operation and Digitalization of the Future
                      Energy Grids (POF4-112)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-1122},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:001261593200001},
      doi          = {10.1016/j.apenergy.2024.123732},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/1028492},
}