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@ARTICLE{Leidl:1028899,
      author       = {Leidl, Max Leo and Diederichs, Benedikt and Sachse, Carsten
                      and Müller-Caspary, Knut},
      title        = {{I}nfluence of loss function and electron dose on
                      ptychography of 2{D} materials using the {W}irtinger flow},
      journal      = {Micron},
      volume       = {185},
      issn         = {0047-7206},
      address      = {New York, NY [u.a.]},
      publisher    = {Elsevier},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2024-04860},
      pages        = {103688 -},
      year         = {2024},
      abstract     = {Iterative phase retrieval is based on minimising a loss
                      function as a measure of the consistency of an initial guess
                      and underlying experimental data. Under ideal experimental
                      conditions, real data contains Poissonian noise due to
                      counting statistics. In this work, we use the Wirtinger Flow
                      concept in combination with four common loss functions,
                      being the L1 loss, the mean-squared error (MSE), the
                      amplitude loss and the Poisson loss. Since only the latter
                      reflects the counting statistics as an asymmetric Poisson
                      distribution correctly, our simulation study focuses on two
                      main cases. Firstly, high-dose momentum-resolved scanning
                      transmission electron microscopy (STEM) of an MoS2 monolayer
                      is considered for phase retrieval. In this case, it is found
                      that the four losses perform differently with respect to
                      chemical sensitivity and frequency transfer, which we
                      interprete in terms of the substantially different signal
                      level in the bright and dark field part of diffraction
                      patterns. Remedies are discussed using further simulations,
                      addressing the use of virtual ring detectors for the dark
                      field, or restricting loss calculation to the bright field.
                      Secondly, a dose series is presented down to 100 electrons
                      per diffraction pattern. It is found that all losses yield
                      qualitatively reasonable structural data in the phase,
                      whereas only MSE and Poisson loss range at the correct
                      amplitude level. Chemical contrast is, in general, reliably
                      obtained using the Poisson concept, which also provides the
                      most continuous spatial frequency transfer as to the
                      reconstructed object transmission function.},
      cin          = {ER-C-3},
      ddc          = {570},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)ER-C-3-20170113},
      pnm          = {5352 - Understanding the Functionality of Soft Matter and
                      Biomolecular Systems (POF4-535) / 5241 - Molecular
                      Information Processing in Cellular Systems (POF4-524) /
                      4D-BioSTEM (DE002325)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-5352 / G:(DE-HGF)POF4-5241 /
                      G:(DE-Juel-1)DE002325},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      pubmed       = {38991624},
      UT           = {WOS:001267955000001},
      doi          = {10.1016/j.micron.2024.103688},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/1028899},
}