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@PHDTHESIS{PaasOliveros:1029414,
author = {Paas Oliveros, Lya Katarina},
title = {{N}eural correlates of age-related differences in dual-task
performance},
school = {HHU Düsseldorf},
type = {Dissertation},
reportid = {FZJ-2024-05120},
pages = {58},
year = {2024},
note = {Dissertation, HHU Düsseldorf, 2024},
abstract = {Performing two tasks concurrently or in close succession
comes with costs in speed and accuracy compared to single
tasks, especially in older individuals. In a society where
people are increasingly accustomed to juggling several tasks
simultaneously, interest in the underlying mechanisms of
dual-task interference has increased. Thereby, it is crucial
to understand how response characteristics affect the costs
of dual-tasking, especially facing a rapidly aging society.
For this reason, this work aimed to analyze age differences
in behavioral (Study 1) and neural correlates (Study 2) of
dual-task interference at the response level, and their
associations with executive functioning (EF) abilities. We
induced response-related dual-task interference by requiring
participants to make two spatially incongruent manual
responses depending on the pitch of a single auditory
stimulus. Both studies revealed increased interference with
incongruent responses, particularly in older adults. This
interference showed asymmetric cost allocation, favoring the
more demanding task, suggesting flexible resource allocation
and strategic processing prioritization. In healthy aging,
results emphasized increased response confusability and
deficits in shielding tasks from interference. Utilizing
functional magnetic resonance imaging, Study 2 demonstrated
that dual-tasking with response interference engaged the
domain-general multiple-demand network (MDN). The activity
within the MDN was only minimally affected by individual
differences in EF performance. Older adults exhibited
non-compensatory hyperactivity in the left superior frontal
gyrus when confronted with incongruent responses, and
working memory processes modulated their right premotor and
frontal activity during dual-tasking. Transitioning from
analyzing group-level patterns in brain-behavior
associations to predicting individual cognitive performance
based on neuroimaging data, Study 3 highlighted the
challenge of predicting individual EF abilities from
structural and functional characteristics of different brain
networks. While morphometric data showed promise in older
adults, measures of functional brain variability proved more
predictive for young adults. Moreover, the importance of the
whole-brain organization became apparent compared to
task-specific networks. In summary, these findings emphasize
the age-related difficulties in shielding concurrent tasks,
the involvement of the MDN in resolving response-related
conflict during dual-tasking, and the limits of relying on
single brain metrics as reliable predictors of EF
abilities.},
cin = {INM-7},
cid = {I:(DE-Juel1)INM-7-20090406},
pnm = {5252 - Brain Dysfunction and Plasticity (POF4-525)},
pid = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-5252},
typ = {PUB:(DE-HGF)11},
doi = {10.34734/FZJ-2024-05120},
url = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/1029414},
}