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@PHDTHESIS{PaasOliveros:1029414,
      author       = {Paas Oliveros, Lya Katarina},
      title        = {{N}eural correlates of age-related differences in dual-task
                      performance},
      school       = {HHU Düsseldorf},
      type         = {Dissertation},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2024-05120},
      pages        = {58},
      year         = {2024},
      note         = {Dissertation, HHU Düsseldorf, 2024},
      abstract     = {Performing two tasks concurrently or in close succession
                      comes with costs in speed and accuracy compared to single
                      tasks, especially in older individuals. In a society where
                      people are increasingly accustomed to juggling several tasks
                      simultaneously, interest in the underlying mechanisms of
                      dual-task interference has increased. Thereby, it is crucial
                      to understand how response characteristics affect the costs
                      of dual-tasking, especially facing a rapidly aging society.
                      For this reason, this work aimed to analyze age differences
                      in behavioral (Study 1) and neural correlates (Study 2) of
                      dual-task interference at the response level, and their
                      associations with executive functioning (EF) abilities. We
                      induced response-related dual-task interference by requiring
                      participants to make two spatially incongruent manual
                      responses depending on the pitch of a single auditory
                      stimulus. Both studies revealed increased interference with
                      incongruent responses, particularly in older adults. This
                      interference showed asymmetric cost allocation, favoring the
                      more demanding task, suggesting flexible resource allocation
                      and strategic processing prioritization. In healthy aging,
                      results emphasized increased response confusability and
                      deficits in shielding tasks from interference. Utilizing
                      functional magnetic resonance imaging, Study 2 demonstrated
                      that dual-tasking with response interference engaged the
                      domain-general multiple-demand network (MDN). The activity
                      within the MDN was only minimally affected by individual
                      differences in EF performance. Older adults exhibited
                      non-compensatory hyperactivity in the left superior frontal
                      gyrus when confronted with incongruent responses, and
                      working memory processes modulated their right premotor and
                      frontal activity during dual-tasking. Transitioning from
                      analyzing group-level patterns in brain-behavior
                      associations to predicting individual cognitive performance
                      based on neuroimaging data, Study 3 highlighted the
                      challenge of predicting individual EF abilities from
                      structural and functional characteristics of different brain
                      networks. While morphometric data showed promise in older
                      adults, measures of functional brain variability proved more
                      predictive for young adults. Moreover, the importance of the
                      whole-brain organization became apparent compared to
                      task-specific networks. In summary, these findings emphasize
                      the age-related difficulties in shielding concurrent tasks,
                      the involvement of the MDN in resolving response-related
                      conflict during dual-tasking, and the limits of relying on
                      single brain metrics as reliable predictors of EF
                      abilities.},
      cin          = {INM-7},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)INM-7-20090406},
      pnm          = {5252 - Brain Dysfunction and Plasticity (POF4-525)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-5252},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)11},
      doi          = {10.34734/FZJ-2024-05120},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/1029414},
}