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@ARTICLE{Springer:1029533,
      author       = {Springer, Sally K. and Wulf, Christina and Zapp, Petra},
      title        = {{PSILCA} database for social life cycle assessment: worker
                      hours vs. raw values approach},
      journal      = {The international journal of life cycle assessment},
      volume       = {0},
      issn         = {0948-3349},
      address      = {Landsberg},
      publisher    = {Ecomed Verl.-Ges.},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2024-05149},
      pages        = {1-24},
      year         = {2024},
      note         = {Online first},
      abstract     = {Purpose Progressive development within the research area of
                      social life cycle assessment (S-LCA) has recently
                      occurred,for example, GreenDelta introduced a new direct
                      quantification approach using raw values in the PSILCA
                      database. Thiscomplements the concept of the activity
                      variable worker hours, which has many advantages and
                      disadvantages. This paperaims to assess this new approach by
                      identifying its characteristics, opportunities, and
                      challenges in comparison to the initialworker hours
                      approach.Methods The general use of activity variables in
                      S-LCA is outlined, followed by an elaboration of the
                      characteristics, purposes,and functionalities of the worker
                      hours approach as well as the raw values approach of PSILCA.
                      This comparison ofapproaches includes different data
                      components, calculation procedures, and their upsides and
                      downsides and is based onmaterials provided by GreenDelta as
                      well as our own elaborations. Two components of a fuel cell
                      electric vehicle, the gliderand the proton exchange membrane
                      fuel cell, serve as sample applications for the comparison
                      and are briefly describedbefore their calculation is
                      executed in the software openLCA, using both PSILCA
                      approaches. The question of whether thedifferences in the
                      approaches contradict a comparison is answered: The PSILCA
                      results of the sample applications can becompared to derive
                      further characteristics.Results and discussion The
                      comparison comprises two modeling requirements for the raw
                      values approach as well as theirmajor consequence. They
                      concern the execution by the practitioner: inventory
                      indicators must be added to every unit process,the choice of
                      inventory indicators must be the same for every unit
                      process, the amount of the reference flow in the
                      outputalways has to equal “1 USD,” and consequently, the
                      number of unit processes has an influence on the results.
                      Furthermore,the results of the S-LCA sample applications
                      reveal that the direct impacts in the raw values approach
                      tend to be greater thanthose in the worker hours approach.
                      The reason can be found in the different calculation
                      procedures as well as the differentvariables
                      included.Conclusions Both approaches have benefits and
                      drawbacks. Depending on the goal of the study to be pursued,
                      the one or theother might be advantageous. In both cases, it
                      is key to understand the modeling requirements and the
                      calculation approachused to interpret the PSILCA results.},
      cin          = {ICE-2},
      ddc          = {690},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)ICE-2-20101013},
      pnm          = {1112 - Societally Feasible Transformation Pathways
                      (POF4-111) / 1111 - Effective System Transformation Pathways
                      (POF4-111) / DFG project G:(GEPRIS)491111487 -
                      Open-Access-Publikationskosten / 2022 - 2024 /
                      Forschungszentrum Jülich (OAPKFZJ) (491111487)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-1112 / G:(DE-HGF)POF4-1111 /
                      G:(GEPRIS)491111487},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:001284564300003},
      doi          = {10.1007/s11367-024-02348-0},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/1029533},
}