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001029764 0247_ $$2datacite_doi$$a10.34734/FZJ-2024-05219
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001029764 037__ $$aFZJ-2024-05219
001029764 1001_ $$0P:(DE-Juel1)185818$$aErdrich, Sebastian$$b0$$eCorresponding author
001029764 245__ $$aUnderstanding the dynamic of Plant-Bacteria-Bacteriophage interactions as a means to improve plant performance$$f - 2024-07-29
001029764 260__ $$aJülich$$bForschungszentrum Jülich GmbH Zentralbibliothek, Verlag$$c2024
001029764 300__ $$aix, 176
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001029764 4900_ $$aReihe Schlüsseltechnologien / Key Technologies$$v287
001029764 502__ $$aDissertation, Düsseldorf, 2024$$bDissertation$$cDüsseldorf$$d2024
001029764 520__ $$aPlant protection is crucial in the context of a secure food supply. With antibiotic-resistant bacteria on the rise, we explore new, sustainable plant protection strategies and utilise naturally occurring bacterial viruses to counter pathogenic bacteria. These viruses, known as bacteriophages, are highly specific and outnumber bacteria by a factor of ten, and are present in every habitat on Earth. Despite their abundance, the number of available isolates for plant pathogenic bacteria is still very limited. The bacterial genus of Xanthomonas  contains many well-known plant pathogens with the ability to infect some of the most important crop plants, causing significant economic damage. Unfortunately, classical pest control strategies are neither particularly efficient nor sustainable. Investigating phage-based strategies, we set the foundation in our lab by isolating seven novel Xanthomonas phages (Langgrundblatt1, Langgrundblatt2, Pfeifenkraut, Laurilin, Elanor, Mallos, and Seregon). As part of this PhD project, we further characterised, classified and tested them for their  biocontrol potential in vitro. Besides good prerequisites for subsequent in planta experiments, we established four taxonomic novel genera. With seeds being one of the major transmission routes for bacterial pathogens in agriculture, we tested strategies to protect plants from the early stages. Therefore, phages for two important crop pathogens, Pseudomonas syringae and Agrobacterium fabrum (tumefaciens), were isolated and tested for their interaction with the seed coat mucilage, deepening the understanding of seed-based biocontrol. Some of the tested phages were highly dependent on mucilage for seed binding, whereas podophage Athelas showed the highest dependency. The significance of this observation was broadened by testing further podoviruses of the Autographiviridae family obtained from the systematic E. coli (BASEL) phage collection. These showed a similar dependence on the mucilage for seed adhesion. Phage coating effectively increased the survival rate of plant seedlings in the presence of the pathogen. Long-term activity tests revealed a high stability of phages on seed surfaces. The utilisation of non-virulent host strains was further successfully applied to enrich the presence of infectious phage particles on seed surfaces. Altogether, our study highlights the potential of phage-based applications as  sustainable biocontrol strategy at the seed level. A further part of this work aimed at gaining a molecular understanding of the tripartite interaction between plants, bacteria, and phages in a novel tripartite transcriptomics approach. We aimed to fill the knowledge gap on how the plants gene expression is responding during phage-based biocontrol. For this purpose, a gnotobiotic system was used to study infection of Arabidopsis thaliana with the plant pathogen Xanthomonas campestris. Here, the application of the Xanthomonas phage Seregon could successfully counteract the bacterial infection almost to the level of the uninfected control. Additionally, we observed a significant variation in the expression of defence-related genes throughout the tripartite interaction. While X. campestris inoculation led to expression of several salicylic acid responsive genes like WRKY70 and WAK1, the treatment of X. campestris with phage Seregon led to a significantly reduced upregulation of these genes. We also identified GRP3.1 as uniquely upregulated in response to phage-based control of X. campestris. In summary, this thesis offers unprecedented insights into the molecular-level tripartite interactions between plants, bacteria, and phages, thereby establishing a crucial foundation for the development of sustainable biocontrol strategies in agriculture utilizing phages.
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001029764 9141_ $$y2024
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