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@PHDTHESIS{Erdrich:1029764,
      author       = {Erdrich, Sebastian},
      title        = {{U}nderstanding the dynamic of
                      {P}lant-{B}acteria-{B}acteriophage interactions as a means
                      to improve plant performance},
      volume       = {287},
      school       = {Düsseldorf},
      type         = {Dissertation},
      address      = {Jülich},
      publisher    = {Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH Zentralbibliothek, Verlag},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2024-05219},
      isbn         = {978-3-95806-791-2},
      series       = {Reihe Schlüsseltechnologien / Key Technologies},
      pages        = {ix, 176},
      year         = {2024},
      note         = {Dissertation, Düsseldorf, 2024},
      abstract     = {Plant protection is crucial in the context of a secure food
                      supply. With antibiotic-resistant bacteria on the rise, we
                      explore new, sustainable plant protection strategies and
                      utilise naturally occurring bacterial viruses to counter
                      pathogenic bacteria. These viruses, known as bacteriophages,
                      are highly specific and outnumber bacteria by a factor of
                      ten, and are present in every habitat on Earth. Despite
                      their abundance, the number of available isolates for plant
                      pathogenic bacteria is still very limited. The bacterial
                      genus of Xanthomonas contains many well-known plant
                      pathogens with the ability to infect some of the most
                      important crop plants, causing significant economic damage.
                      Unfortunately, classical pest control strategies are neither
                      particularly efficient nor sustainable. Investigating
                      phage-based strategies, we set the foundation in our lab by
                      isolating seven novel Xanthomonas phages (Langgrundblatt1,
                      Langgrundblatt2, Pfeifenkraut, Laurilin, Elanor, Mallos, and
                      Seregon). As part of this PhD project, we further
                      characterised, classified and tested them for their
                      biocontrol potential in vitro. Besides good prerequisites
                      for subsequent in planta experiments, we established four
                      taxonomic novel genera. With seeds being one of the major
                      transmission routes for bacterial pathogens in agriculture,
                      we tested strategies to protect plants from the early
                      stages. Therefore, phages for two important crop pathogens,
                      Pseudomonas syringae and Agrobacterium fabrum (tumefaciens),
                      were isolated and tested for their interaction with the seed
                      coat mucilage, deepening the understanding of seed-based
                      biocontrol. Some of the tested phages were highly dependent
                      on mucilage for seed binding, whereas podophage Athelas
                      showed the highest dependency. The significance of this
                      observation was broadened by testing further podoviruses of
                      the Autographiviridae family obtained from the systematic E.
                      coli (BASEL) phage collection. These showed a similar
                      dependence on the mucilage for seed adhesion. Phage coating
                      effectively increased the survival rate of plant seedlings
                      in the presence of the pathogen. Long-term activity tests
                      revealed a high stability of phages on seed surfaces. The
                      utilisation of non-virulent host strains was further
                      successfully applied to enrich the presence of infectious
                      phage particles on seed surfaces. Altogether, our study
                      highlights the potential of phage-based applications as
                      sustainable biocontrol strategy at the seed level. A further
                      part of this work aimed at gaining a molecular understanding
                      of the tripartite interaction between plants, bacteria, and
                      phages in a novel tripartite transcriptomics approach. We
                      aimed to fill the knowledge gap on how the plants gene
                      expression is responding during phage-based biocontrol. For
                      this purpose, a gnotobiotic system was used to study
                      infection of Arabidopsis thaliana with the plant pathogen
                      Xanthomonas campestris. Here, the application of the
                      Xanthomonas phage Seregon could successfully counteract the
                      bacterial infection almost to the level of the uninfected
                      control. Additionally, we observed a significant variation
                      in the expression of defence-related genes throughout the
                      tripartite interaction. While X. campestris inoculation led
                      to expression of several salicylic acid responsive genes
                      like WRKY70 and WAK1, the treatment of X. campestris with
                      phage Seregon led to a significantly reduced upregulation of
                      these genes. We also identified GRP3.1 as uniquely
                      upregulated in response to phage-based control of X.
                      campestris. In summary, this thesis offers unprecedented
                      insights into the molecular-level tripartite interactions
                      between plants, bacteria, and phages, thereby establishing a
                      crucial foundation for the development of sustainable
                      biocontrol strategies in agriculture utilizing phages.},
      cin          = {IBG-1 / IBG-2},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IBG-1-20101118 / I:(DE-Juel1)IBG-2-20101118},
      pnm          = {2171 - Biological and environmental resources for
                      sustainable use (POF4-217)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-2171},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)3 / PUB:(DE-HGF)11},
      urn          = {urn:nbn:de:0001-2501281112485.44321598019},
      doi          = {10.34734/FZJ-2024-05219},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/1029764},
}