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@INPROCEEDINGS{Chervonnyy:1031460,
      author       = {Chervonnyy, Alexey and Schiffer, Christian and Upschulte,
                      Eric and Mohlberg, Hartmut and Amunts, Katrin and Bludau,
                      Sebastian},
      title        = {{H}igh-resolution 3{D} {M}apping of the {H}uman
                      {H}ypothalamus:{T}owards a {C}omprehensive
                      {C}ytoarchitectonic {A}tlas},
      school       = {Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2024-05679},
      year         = {2024},
      abstract     = {<b>Introduction</b><br><br>The hypothalamus is crucial for
                      maintaining homeostasis, regulating sleep-wake cycles,
                      appetite, circadian rhythm, and thermal regulation
                      (Nieuwenhuys et al., 2008). Despite its importance the
                      structural organization, precise boundaries, and functional
                      differentiation of its nuclei remain incompletely
                      understood. Existing anatomical maps of the hypothalamus do
                      not reflect interindividual variability in 3D space; they
                      often lack the spatial resolution and morphological detail
                      to provide a comprehensive understanding of this complex
                      region and to inform neuroimaging studies about the
                      brain’s microstructure. Therefore, we aimed to develop
                      probabilistic cytoarchitectonic maps to address intersubject
                      variability and provide a high-resolution 3D reference map
                      for informing studies in the living human
                      brain.<b>Methods</b><br><br>We delineated the hypothalamus
                      and its nuclei on every 15th cell-body stained brain
                      sections in 10 brains (5 female) including BigBrain (Amunts
                      et al., 2013). For creation the high-resolution BigBrain
                      model we used a deep-learning based tool (Schiffer et al.,
                      2021) that delineated the remaining sections. Other brains
                      were used to create probability maps that capture
                      intersubject variability in space and location of areas. To
                      do this, brains were 3D reconstructed and superimposed in
                      standard reference space (Amunts et. al., 2020).
                      Quantitative tools, including texture analysis
                      (Devakuruparan, 2024) and object instance segmentation
                      (Upschulte et al., 2021), were applied to analyse
                      subdivisions in more detail.<b>Results</b><br><br>We
                      generated high-resolution 3D map of 23 nuclei of the human
                      hypothalamus (Figure 1), that show their shapes and
                      neighbourhood relationships with high precision. These
                      nuclei were categorized into four rostro-caudal
                      zones:<br><br><b>Preoptic zone</b> includes the anterior
                      periventricular and median preoptic nuclei lining the third
                      ventricle, with the uncinate and intermediate nuclei forming
                      a cluster around the medial preoptic
                      nucleus.<br><br><b>Anterior zone</b> contains the
                      paraventricular nucleus with dark magnocellular neurons
                      ventrolaterally and less intense parvocellular neurons
                      medially, the supraoptic nucleus with densely packed
                      magnocellular neurons, and the retrochiasmatic,
                      suprachiasmatic and periventricular
                      nuclei.<br><br><b>Tuberal zone</b> features the ventromedial
                      nucleus with high peripheral cell density, the smaller
                      posteromedial nucleus between the ventromedial nucleus and
                      mammillary body, the dorsomedial nucleus with densely packed
                      small neurons at its centre, and the arcuate nucleus within
                      the tuber cinerium.<br><br><b>Mammillary zone</b> includes
                      the medial and lateral mammillary nuclei. The
                      tuberomammillary and supramammillary nuclei contain large
                      dark magnocellular neurons, and the lateral tuberal nucleus
                      housing medium-sized neurons in the basolateral mammillary
                      zone.<br><br>The mean hypothalamic volume was 1492 ± 264
                      mm³. The Lateral (514 ± 49 mm³) and Posterior
                      hypothalamic areas (262 ± 33 mm³) showed the highest
                      volumes, whereas the uncinate and lateral mammillary nuclei
                      exhibited the lowest values (0.845 ± 0.15 mm³; 1.8 ± 0.3
                      mm³). Permutation tests found no significant effects of
                      hemisphere, sex, or their interaction on the
                      shrinkage-corrected volumes for each nucleus. Intersubject
                      variability was reflected in the probabilistic maps that
                      will be part of the Julich-Brain Atlas (Amunts, 2020) and
                      available via EBRAINS and other
                      platforms.<br><br><b>Conclusions</b><br><br>In sum, we
                      provide a detailed microstructural map of the hypothalamus,
                      serving as a profound anatomical basis for interpreting and
                      comparing neuroimaging data helping to refine the functional
                      organization of the hypothalamus.},
      month         = {Sep},
      date          = {2024-09-09},
      organization  = {8th BigBrain Workshop, Padua (Italy),
                       9 Sep 2024 - 11 Sep 2024},
      subtyp        = {After Call},
      cin          = {INM-1},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)INM-1-20090406},
      pnm          = {5251 - Multilevel Brain Organization and Variability
                      (POF4-525) / 5254 - Neuroscientific Data Analytics and AI
                      (POF4-525) / HIBALL - Helmholtz International BigBrain
                      Analytics and Learning Laboratory (HIBALL) (InterLabs-0015)
                      / EBRAINS 2.0 - EBRAINS 2.0: A Research Infrastructure to
                      Advance Neuroscience and Brain Health (101147319) /
                      Helmholtz AI - Helmholtz Artificial Intelligence
                      Coordination Unit – Local Unit FZJ (E.40401.62)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-5251 / G:(DE-HGF)POF4-5254 /
                      G:(DE-HGF)InterLabs-0015 / G:(EU-Grant)101147319 /
                      G:(DE-Juel-1)E.40401.62},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)6},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/1031460},
}