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@PHDTHESIS{Derbas:1032301,
      author       = {Derbas, Ghadeer},
      title        = {{O}ptimizing {A}utomated {S}hading {S}ystems in {O}ffice
                      {B}uildings by {E}xploring {O}ccupant {B}ehaviour},
      volume       = {67},
      school       = {Wuppertal University},
      type         = {Dissertation},
      address      = {Jülich},
      publisher    = {Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH Zentralbibliothek, Verlag},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2024-06140},
      isbn         = {978-3-95806-787-5},
      series       = {IAS Series},
      pages        = {9, x, 168, ccxxiii},
      year         = {2024},
      note         = {Dissertation, Wuppertal University, 2022},
      abstract     = {Automated shading systems represent a promising solution
                      for improving indoor thermal and visual conditions as well
                      as saving energy. However, previous studies indicate that
                      many existing automated shading systems fail to improve
                      occupants’ visual comfort and reduce the energy use as
                      intended in the design phase. Thus, occupants frequently
                      override or disable these systems, indicating their
                      discomfort or desire for a customized indoor environment.
                      Therefore, neglecting occupants’ needs and expectations in
                      the building design and operation process may cause
                      discrepancies between the predicted and actual energy
                      performance and sub-optimal design decision-making. To
                      address this issue, this research aims to explore and
                      evaluate the use and function of automated shading systems
                      in office environments for optimizing automated shading
                      system design and operation in existing and new buildings.
                      To achieve the objectives of this research, three phases
                      were completed. In Phase 01, the current practice of
                      automated shading design and operation was investigated in
                      19 case studies through a questionnaire. The commonly-used
                      shading setpoints were identified and tested. The
                      performance of two commercial shading control devices was
                      examined by an experimental and field studies. Results
                      indicate that commercial devices’ limited quality and
                      accuracy for automatic shading control could be due to
                      economic constraints and sensors’ positions or
                      inclinations. Therefore, designers may consider other design
                      strategies such as an intermediate blind position or
                      combined internal/external shading systems. In Phase 02, an
                      experimental study was conducted in a full-scale test cell
                      to evaluate the performance of an automated shading system
                      in terms of user behaviour and acceptance, thermal and
                      visual comfort under six scenarios. After each scenario, a
                      self-reported questionnaire was completed by the
                      participant. Indoor and outdoor environmental parameters,
                      user and system-triggered adjustments were recorded.
                      Different performance indicators were used. The key findings
                      suggest that a robust shading system (i.e., few override
                      actions) can be achieved by: a multi-objective control
                      strategy with an intermediate position, an acceptable range
                      of irradiance thresholds, and a decent level of adaptive
                      control options over the workplace. Phase 03 introduces a
                      field study, including design investigation, data
                      monitoring, a questionnaire, and simulation-based analysis.
                      The study focused on using automated shading systems in a
                      real office building to derive occupant-centric rules for
                      optimal shading design. The monitored data and questionnaire
                      analysis showed similar results, a relatively few
                      interactions between the occupants and the shadings systems.
                      The statistical analysis of the monitored data showed the
                      limited approach of the regression model used in this study,
                      while data mining techniques showed advantages in exploring
                      occupant behavioural patterns. The extracted lessons for
                      designers and researchers include: the use of double shading
                      systems (internal/external) can improve user satisfaction of
                      automated shading systems (i.e., few override actions), the
                      definition of control thresholds is essential, and the
                      deployment of light sensors is beneficial.},
      cin          = {IAS-7 / ICE-1},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IAS-7-20180321 / I:(DE-Juel1)ICE-1-20170217},
      pnm          = {5111 - Domain-Specific Simulation $\&$ Data Life Cycle Labs
                      (SDLs) and Research Groups (POF4-511)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-5111},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)3 / PUB:(DE-HGF)11},
      urn          = {urn:nbn:de:0001-20250106142415869-9941215-9},
      doi          = {10.34734/FZJ-2024-06140},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/1032301},
}