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@INPROCEEDINGS{Kang:1032560,
      author       = {Kang, Kyongok},
      title        = {{L}ow {I}onic {S}trength {E}quilibria and {N}on-equilibrium
                      {P}hase {T}ransitions of {C}harged {C}olloidal {R}ods
                      ({DNA}-viruses)},
      school       = {Inha University, South Korea},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2024-06341},
      year         = {2024},
      note         = {This content is delivered as an invited colloquium talk.},
      abstract     = {At sufficiently low ionic strengths (below 1 mM Tris/HCl
                      buffer), long and thin, highly charged colloidal rods
                      (DNA-viruses) exhibit various chiral-mesophases consisting
                      of different orientations of chiral-nematic and helical
                      domains, well above the isotropic-nematic coexistence
                      concentration. Both non-equilibrium (in electric-field and
                      shear flow) [1-3] and equilibrium phase behaviour [4-7] are
                      presented for the concentrated suspension of charged
                      DNA-viruses, which is a good model system of charged
                      colloidal rods (DNA-rods) to predict the phase transitions;
                      from the nematic-to-chiral nematic and other hierarchical
                      chiral-mesophases (X-pattern and helical domains) to the
                      glass states, in an increase of the rod-concentration [4-6].
                      In last 2 decades, several instrumentations and methods are
                      also developed to characterize both signal-and
                      image-processing (under external fields) in access multiple
                      phases and various transitions, dynamics, and kinetics of
                      the interacting charged DNA-rods. In this talk, experiments
                      on both equilibrium and the field-induced phase transition,
                      as well shear response of the glass state will be discussed.
                      The (structural) glass transition occurs well within the
                      full chiral-nematic state, where the particle dynamics and
                      the orientation texture dynamics are simultaneously
                      arrested, at the same concentration. The glass is also found
                      to exhibit several types of non-uniform flow profiles,
                      depending on the externally applied shear rate: At low shear
                      rates plug flow is observed and at intermediate shear rates
                      gradient-banded flow profiles are found. At high shear rates
                      the glass is melted, leading to a linear flow profile.
                      Finally, as one of interesting findings for
                      chiral-mesophases, is a “chiral-glass”, driven by the
                      replica symmetry breaking (RSB), determined by both real-
                      and Fourier-space [6], kept between the two “replicas”
                      of larger chiral-nematic domain (at a lower concentration)
                      and the “helical-domains” (at a higher concentration) of
                      charged DNA-rods [7]. As will be shown, there is a subtle
                      interplay between the stress originating from inter-particle
                      interactions within the domains and the texture stress due
                      to inter-domain interactions.References:[1] K. Kang and
                      J.K.G. Dhont, “An electric-field induced dynamical state
                      in dispersions of highly charged colloidal rods: Comparison
                      of experiment and theory”, Colloid. Polym. Sci. 293,
                      3325-3336, 2015: Soft Matter 10, 3311 (2014). [2] K. Kang,
                      “Response of shear in bulk orientations of charged DNA
                      rods: Taylor- and Gradient-banding”, J. Phys. Commun, 5,
                      045011, 2021. [3] D. Parisi, D. Vlassopoulos, H. Kriegs, J.
                      K. G. Dhont, and K. Kang, “Underlying mechanism of
                      shear-banding in soft glasses of charged colloidal rods with
                      orientational domains”, Journal of Rheology 66, 365, 2022:
                      Phys. Rev. Fluids 2, 043301 (2017). [4] K. Kang and J. K. G.
                      Dhont, “Glass transition in suspensions of charged rods:
                      Structural arrest and texture dynamics”, Phys. Rev. Lett.
                      110, 015901, 2013: K. Kang, “Glass transition of repulsive
                      charged rods (fd-viruses)”, Soft Matter, 10, 3311-3324,
                      2014: Soft Matter 9, 4401 (2013). [5] K. Kang,
                      “Equilibrium phase diagram and thermal responses of
                      charged DNA-virus rod-suspensions at low ionic strengths”,
                      Sci. Rep. 11: 3472, 2021. [6] K. Kang, “Chiral glass of
                      charged DNA rods, Cavity loops”, J. Phys. Commun, 5,
                      065001, 2021. [7] K. Kang, “Characterization of
                      orientation correlation kinetics: chiral-mesophase domains
                      in suspensions charged DNA-rods”, J. Phys. Commun, 6,
                      015001, 2022.},
      month         = {Oct},
      date          = {2024-10-31},
      organization  = {(South Korea), 31 Oct 2024 - 31 Oct
                       2024},
      subtyp        = {Invited},
      cin          = {IBI-4},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IBI-4-20200312},
      pnm          = {5241 - Molecular Information Processing in Cellular Systems
                      (POF4-524)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-5241},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)31},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/1032560},
}