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@ARTICLE{Heinrichs:1033627,
      author       = {Heinrichs, Jan-Hendrik and Ergin Aslan, Serap},
      title        = {{D}igitalisierung in {L}ebenswissenschaften und
                      {M}edizin – das {D}ual-{U}se-{P}roblem{D}igitalization in
                      life science and medicine—the dual-use problem},
      journal      = {Ethik in der Medizin},
      volume       = {36},
      number       = {4},
      issn         = {0935-7335},
      address      = {New York},
      publisher    = {Springer},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2024-06500},
      pages        = {531 - 545},
      year         = {2024},
      abstract     = {Definition of the problem“Dual use” refers to the
                      applicability of a research result or methods for purposes
                      that concern the internal or external security of a society.
                      This includes research that can be used for military,
                      intelligence, terrorist, or criminal purposes. Dual use has
                      been an increasingly aggravating problem for many areas of
                      the life sciences and medicine for over a decade. The main
                      cause for this is that many of their results are capable of
                      demonstrating how humans, but also (domestic) animals and
                      plants, can be manipulated and attacked, and which tools are
                      particularly suitable for this purpose.ArgumentsThe
                      digitalization in the life sciences has two distinguishable
                      impacts on the dual-use problem: an intensifying and an
                      expanding one. By enabling faster and more comprehensive
                      research and development processes, digitalization
                      exacerbates the existing dual-use problem because it
                      increases the pace at which the results of this research can
                      be utilized for security-related purposes. Moreover, the
                      digitalization of the life sciences expands the dual-use
                      problem, as some of the digital tools developed and used in
                      the life sciences can themselves have military or
                      security-relevant applications.ConclusionTherefore, a
                      broad-based governance including wide participation of
                      stakeholders in the research process and broader information
                      on dual use in good scientific practice education across
                      institutions, career stages, and disciplines is necessary.},
      cin          = {INM-7},
      ddc          = {610},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)INM-7-20090406},
      pnm          = {5255 - Neuroethics and Ethics of Information (POF4-525)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-5255},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:001340059200001},
      doi          = {10.1007/s00481-024-00839-0},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/1033627},
}