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@ARTICLE{Szot:1033675,
      author       = {Szot, Krzysztof and Rodenbücher, Christian and Rogacki,
                      Krzysztof and Bihlmayer, Gustav and Speier, Wolfgang and
                      Roleder, Krystian and Krok, Franciszek and Keller, Hugo and
                      Simon, Arndt and Bussmann-Holder, Annette},
      title        = {{T}ransition to metallic and superconducting states induced
                      by thermalor electrical deoxidation of the dislocation
                      network in the surface regionof {S}r{T}i{O}3},
      journal      = {Nanomaterials},
      volume       = {14},
      number       = {23},
      issn         = {2079-4991},
      address      = {Basel},
      publisher    = {MDPI},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2024-06537},
      pages        = {1944 -},
      year         = {2024},
      abstract     = {The question as to why deoxidized SrTiO3−δ becomes
                      metallic and superconducting at extremely low levels of
                      oxygen vacancy concentration has been a mystery for many
                      decades. Here, we show that the real amount of effused
                      oxygen during thermal reduction, which is needed to induce
                      superconducting properties, is in the range of only 1014/cm3
                      and thus even lower than the critical carrier concentrations
                      assumed previously (1017–1019/cm3). By performing detailed
                      investigations of the optical and electrical properties down
                      to the nanoscale, we reveal that filaments are forming
                      during reduction along a network of dislocations in the
                      surface layer. Hence, a reduced epi-polished SrTiO3−δ
                      crystal has to be regarded as a nano-composite consisting of
                      a perfect dielectric matrix with negligible carrier density,
                      which is short-circuited by metallic filaments with a local
                      carrier density in the range of 1020/cm3. We present that
                      electro-degradation leads to a more pronounced evolution of
                      filamentary bundles and thus can generate a superconducting
                      state with higher TC than thermal reduction. These findings
                      indicate that traditional homogeneous models of
                      superconductivity in self-doped SrTiO3−δ need to be
                      revised, and we propose an alternative explanation taking
                      into account the coexistence of metallic dislocation cores
                      with polar insulating regions allowing for polaronic
                      coupling.},
      cin          = {IET-4 / PGI-1 / PGI-SO},
      ddc          = {540},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IET-4-20191129 / I:(DE-Juel1)PGI-1-20110106 /
                      I:(DE-Juel1)PGI-SO-20200511},
      pnm          = {5211 - Topological Matter (POF4-521) / DFG project
                      G:(GEPRIS)491111487 - Open-Access-Publikationskosten / 2025
                      - 2027 / Forschungszentrum Jülich (OAPKFZJ) (491111487) /
                      1231 - Electrochemistry for Hydrogen (POF4-123)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-5211 / G:(GEPRIS)491111487 /
                      G:(DE-HGF)POF4-1231},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      pubmed       = {39683332},
      UT           = {WOS:001376509400001},
      doi          = {10.3390/nano14231944},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/1033675},
}