001034022 001__ 1034022 001034022 005__ 20250203133229.0 001034022 0247_ $$2doi$$a10.1038/s41467-024-54243-9 001034022 0247_ $$2datacite_doi$$a10.34734/FZJ-2024-06852 001034022 0247_ $$2pmid$$a39578424 001034022 0247_ $$2WOS$$aWOS:001362461900022 001034022 037__ $$aFZJ-2024-06852 001034022 082__ $$a500 001034022 1001_ $$0P:(DE-Juel1)188407$$aWan, Bin$$b0$$eCorresponding author 001034022 245__ $$aMicrostructural asymmetry in the human cortex 001034022 260__ $$a[London]$$bNature Publishing Group UK$$c2024 001034022 3367_ $$2DRIVER$$aarticle 001034022 3367_ $$2DataCite$$aOutput Types/Journal article 001034022 3367_ $$0PUB:(DE-HGF)16$$2PUB:(DE-HGF)$$aJournal Article$$bjournal$$mjournal$$s1734171650_20064 001034022 3367_ $$2BibTeX$$aARTICLE 001034022 3367_ $$2ORCID$$aJOURNAL_ARTICLE 001034022 3367_ $$00$$2EndNote$$aJournal Article 001034022 520__ $$aThe human cerebral cortex shows hemispheric asymmetry, yet the microstructural basis of this asymmetry remains incompletely understood. Here, we probe layer-specific microstructural asymmetry using one post-mortem male brain. Overall, anterior and posterior regions show leftward and rightward asymmetry respectively, but this pattern varies across cortical layers. A similar anterior-posterior pattern is observed using in vivo Human Connectome Project (N = 1101) T1w/T2w microstructural data, with average cortical asymmetry showing the strongest similarity with post-mortem-based asymmetry of layer III. Moreover, microstructural asymmetry is found to be heritable, varies as a function of age and sex, and corresponds to intrinsic functional asymmetry. We also observe a differential association of language and markers of mental health with microstructural asymmetry patterns at the individual level, illustrating a functional divergence between inferior-superior and anterior-posterior microstructural axes, possibly anchored in development. Last, we could show concordant evidence with alternative in vivo microstructural measures: magnetization transfer (N = 286) and quantitative T1 (N = 50). Together, our study highlights microstructural asymmetry in the human cortex and its functional and behavioral relevance. 001034022 536__ $$0G:(DE-HGF)POF4-5251$$a5251 - Multilevel Brain Organization and Variability (POF4-525)$$cPOF4-525$$fPOF IV$$x0 001034022 536__ $$0G:(DE-HGF)POF4-5252$$a5252 - Brain Dysfunction and Plasticity (POF4-525)$$cPOF4-525$$fPOF IV$$x1 001034022 588__ $$aDataset connected to CrossRef, Journals: juser.fz-juelich.de 001034022 7001_ $$0P:(DE-Juel1)190448$$aSaberi, Amin$$b1 001034022 7001_ $$0P:(DE-Juel1)187055$$aPaquola, Casey$$b2$$ufzj 001034022 7001_ $$0P:(DE-Juel1)188324$$aSchaare, H. Lina$$b3 001034022 7001_ $$0P:(DE-Juel1)187157$$aHettwer, Meike D.$$b4 001034022 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aRoyer, Jessica$$b5 001034022 7001_ $$0P:(DE-Juel1)200125$$aJohn, Alexandra$$b6$$ufzj 001034022 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aDorfschmidt, Lena$$b7 001034022 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aBayrak, Şeyma$$b8 001034022 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aBethlehem, Richard A. 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