% IMPORTANT: The following is UTF-8 encoded.  This means that in the presence
% of non-ASCII characters, it will not work with BibTeX 0.99 or older.
% Instead, you should use an up-to-date BibTeX implementation like “bibtex8” or
% “biber”.

@INPROCEEDINGS{AzuaHumara:1034900,
      author       = {Azua Humara, Ana Daniela and Luna Barron, Ana Laura},
      title        = {{E}lectrocatalytic {A}mmonia {S}ynthesis {A}t {L}ow
                      {T}emperatures {A}nd {L}ow {P}ressures {I}n {A}queous
                      {M}edia},
      school       = {RWTH Aachen},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2025-00023},
      year         = {2024},
      abstract     = {Ammonia is one of the most produced chemical substances
                      globally and a key component in fertilizers. Its demand is
                      expected to rise significantly in the coming decades due to
                      population growth. However, the thermochemical Haber-Bosch
                      process, which is currently used to produce ammonia, is
                      highly energy-intensive and generates significant CO2
                      emissions. The international target is to reduce the ammonia
                      industry’s emissions to just 367 MtCO2 per year by 2050.
                      [1] Achieving this target requires decarbonizing ammonia
                      industry by implementing sustainable technologies. While
                      coupling the Harber-Bosch process with green hydrogen can
                      help reduce carbon emissions, projections indicate that
                      additional alternative technologies of ammonia production
                      will be necessary to meet the 2050 carbon target. [1] In
                      this context, electrochemical nitrogen reduction under
                      ambient conditions represents a promising approach to
                      complement the future technologies portfolio for green
                      ammonia production.Given the challenging and complex nature
                      of electrochemical nitrogen reduction, this PhD project
                      adopts a systematic research approach. The approach involves
                      separating the two key reaction steps—nitrogen activation
                      and nitrogen protonation—to study each in detail. This
                      will provide a deeper understanding that will guide the
                      design of an effective catalyst for ammonia production. The
                      first step, nitrogen activation, involves nitrogen
                      adsorption and the breaking of the highly stable nitrogen
                      triple bond. Because 941 kJ/mol of energy is required to
                      dissociate N₂ bonds, nitrogen activation is more difficult
                      than the nitrogen protonation step. Nitrogen protonation,
                      the second step, refers to the addition of protons (H⁺) to
                      nitrogen atoms to form ammonia (NH₃). Protonation is
                      closely related to the selectivity of the reaction, as
                      by-products like hydrazine can also form. Additionally,
                      protons may react to form hydrogen gas instead of ammonia,
                      which can further affect the reaction’s efficiency.This
                      progress report presents the results of the nitrogen
                      protonation investigation. The electrochemical nitrate
                      reduction reaction was selected as a model reaction because
                      it has lower energy requirements and shares key similarities
                      with nitrogen reduction reaction under ambient conditions.
                      These similarities include the competition with HER, the
                      formation of nitrogen-containing byproducts, and the
                      multistep proton-coupled electron transfers},
      month         = {Oct},
      date          = {2024-10-28},
      organization  = {IET-1 PhD Autumn Seminar, Düren
                       (Germany), 28 Oct 2024 - 30 Oct 2024},
      subtyp        = {Other},
      cin          = {IET-1},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IET-1-20110218},
      pnm          = {1231 - Electrochemistry for Hydrogen (POF4-123) / BMBF
                      03SF0589B - Verbundvorhaben iNEW: Inkubator Nachhaltige
                      Elektrochemische Wertschöpfungsketten (iNEW) im Rahmen des
                      Gesamtvorhabens Accelerator Nachhaltige Bereitstellung
                      Elektrochemisch Erzeugter Kraft- und Wertstoffe mittels
                      Power-to-X (ANABEL) (03SF0589B) / HITEC - Helmholtz
                      Interdisciplinary Doctoral Training in Energy and Climate
                      Research (HITEC) (HITEC-20170406)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-1231 / G:(BMBF)03SF0589B /
                      G:(DE-Juel1)HITEC-20170406},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)31},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/1034900},
}