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@INPROCEEDINGS{AzuaHumara:1034907,
      author       = {Azua Humara, Ana Daniela and Luna Barron, Ana Laura and
                      Mechler, Anna and Eichel, Rüdiger-A.},
      title        = {{U}nderstanding {N}itrate {E}lectrochemical {R}eduction to
                      {A}mmonia by {I}dentifying {C}hanges in p{H}},
      school       = {RWTH Aachen},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2025-00028},
      year         = {2024},
      abstract     = {Electrochemical nitrate reduction into ammonia is an
                      attractive technology that promotes nitrates removal from
                      wastewater while delivering ammonia as a profitable
                      product.[1] Electrochemical nitrates S reduction to ammonia
                      in aqueous media under ambient conditions has been reported,
                      using noble metal-based electrodes (e.g., Ru, Rh, Pt). [2]
                      It has been shown that the nitrates reduction is a complex
                      process due to its polyatomic nature, forming several
                      intermediate compounds before its complete reduction into
                      ammonia. The ammonia selectivity depends on the
                      electrocatalyst, the applied potential, and the electrolyte
                      media. [3] Jaramillo’s group studied the effect of the
                      initial pH electrolyte on the ammonia Faradaic efficiency,
                      concluding ammonia formation is favored at low pH (<1).[1]
                      Clearly, pH plays an essential role in nitrates reduction.
                      However, there is limited knowledge of pH changes through
                      the reaction, since only initial pH is reported, and how and
                      why such changes impact the ammonia selectivity. In this
                      work, the changes in pH during the electrochemical reduction
                      of nitrates to ammonia are evaluated using Ti and Cu-foils.
                      We investigate four different electrolytes ranging from pH 1
                      to pH 10, tracking the changes in pH over the course of a 30
                      min experiment. Our results show that when the initial pH is
                      equal to or above pH 3 the media undergoes alkalinization,
                      reaching pH values close to 12. On the other hand, in acidic
                      conditions the pH only increases slightly. In addition, the
                      highest faradaic efficiency is obtained at more alkaline
                      initial conditions. The intermediate products are also
                      detected and correlated to the pH increase.},
      month         = {Sep},
      date          = {2024-09-16},
      organization  = {Gesellschaft Deutscher Chemiker -
                       Electrochemistry 2024, Braunschweig
                       (Germany), 16 Sep 2024 - 19 Sep 2024},
      subtyp        = {After Call},
      cin          = {IET-1},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IET-1-20110218},
      pnm          = {1231 - Electrochemistry for Hydrogen (POF4-123) / HITEC -
                      Helmholtz Interdisciplinary Doctoral Training in Energy and
                      Climate Research (HITEC) (HITEC-20170406) / BMBF 03SF0589B -
                      Verbundvorhaben iNEW: Inkubator Nachhaltige Elektrochemische
                      Wertschöpfungsketten (iNEW) im Rahmen des Gesamtvorhabens
                      Accelerator Nachhaltige Bereitstellung Elektrochemisch
                      Erzeugter Kraft- und Wertstoffe mittels Power-to-X (ANABEL)
                      (03SF0589B)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-1231 / G:(DE-Juel1)HITEC-20170406 /
                      G:(BMBF)03SF0589B},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)24},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/1034907},
}