TY - JOUR AU - Emonet, Aurélia AU - Pérez-Antón, Miguel AU - Neumann, Ulla AU - Dunemann, Sonja AU - Huettel, Bruno AU - Koller, Robert AU - Hay, Angela TI - Amphicarpic development in Cardamine chenopodiifolia JO - The new phytologist VL - 244 IS - 3 SN - 0028-646X CY - Oxford [u.a.] PB - Wiley-Blackwell M1 - FZJ-2025-00216 SP - 1041 - 1056 PY - 2024 AB - Amphicarpy is an unusual trait where two fruit types develop on the same plant: one above and the other belowground. This trait is not found in conventional model species. Therefore, its development and molecular genetics remain under-studied. Here, we establish the allooctoploid Cardamine chenopodiifolia as an emerging experimental system to study amphicarpy. We characterized C. chenopodiifolia development, focusing on differences in morphology and cell wall histochemistry between above- and belowground fruit. We generated a reference transcriptome with PacBio full-length transcript sequencing and analysed differential gene expression between above- and belowground fruit valves. Cardamine chenopodiifolia has two contrasting modes of seed dispersal. The main shoot fails to bolt and initiates floral primordia that grow underground where they self-pollinate and set seed. By contrast, axillary shoots bolt and develop exploding seed pods aboveground. Morphological differences between aerial explosive fruit and subterranean nonexplosive fruit were reflected in a large number of differentially regulated genes involved in photosynthesis, secondary cell wall formation and defence responses. Tools established in C. chenopodiifolia, such as a reference transcriptome, draft genome assembly and stable plant transformation, pave the way to study amphicarpy and trait evolution via allopolyploidy. LB - PUB:(DE-HGF)16 C6 - 39030843 UR - <Go to ISI:>//WOS:001272588100001 DO - DOI:10.1111/nph.19965 UR - https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/1035127 ER -