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@ARTICLE{Chakraborty:1037390,
      author       = {Chakraborty, Pritam and Wolf, Stephanie and Ummethala,
                      Govind and Meise, Ansgar and Mehlkoph, Tobias and Park,
                      Junbeom and Heggen, Marc and Tavabi, Amir H. and Vibhu,
                      Vaibhav and de Haart, L. G. J. and Dunin-Borkowski, Rafal E.
                      and Basak, Shibabrata and Eichel, Rüdiger-A. and Jodat, Eva
                      and Karl, André},
      title        = {{U}nveiling the {E}xsolution {M}echanisms and
                      {I}nvestigation of the {C}atalytic {P}rocesses of
                      {S}r2{F}e{M}o0.65{N}i0.35{O}6-δ {U}sing in {S}itu
                      {T}ransmission {E}lectron {M}icroscopy},
      journal      = {NANOTODAY-D-24-01469},
      publisher    = {Elsevier},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2025-00694},
      year         = {2024},
      abstract     = {Solid oxide cells (SOCs) are crucial for transitioning to
                      green energy but face high-temperature degradation
                      challenges, in which catalyst agglomeration is one of the
                      major obstacle. Nanoparticle exsolution in double-perovskite
                      materials such as Sr2FeMo0.65Ni0.35O6-δ (SFM-Ni) offer a
                      promising solution by creating electrode materials with
                      uniformly dispersed, stable metallic FeNi3 nanocatalysts
                      strongly bonded to the parent oxide, mitigating
                      high-temperature agglomeration issues. Thus, understanding
                      the dynamic evolution of microstructure and catalytic
                      behavior in such materials is vital for developing
                      high-performing SOC catalysts. In this study, detailed
                      investigation using in situ electron microscopy was
                      conducted to elucidate the mechanisms of FeNi3 nanoparticle
                      exsolution on SFM-Ni under reducing conditions. In situ
                      environmental transmission electron microscopy (ETEM), in
                      situ transmission electron microscopy (TEM) coupled with
                      mass spectrometry were employed to analyze exsolution
                      processes and their impact on catalytic performance, along
                      with other techniques. Electrochemical impedance
                      spectroscopy (EIS) measurements confirmed the enhanced
                      long-term performance of symmetrically fabricated
                      SFM-Ni/GDC/8YSZ/GDC/SFM-Ni cells and further scanning
                      electron microscopy (SEM) investigation of the operated
                      cells validated our findings at macro scale. Additionally,
                      focused ion beam-scanning electron microscopy (FIB-SEM)
                      tomography on the electrochemically operated cells revealed
                      various microstructural changes introduced due to the
                      exsolutions, underscoring the role of exsolution dynamics in
                      SOC performance. This study attempts to unravel the
                      mechanisms behind the formation of the uniformly dispersed
                      FeNi3 nano-exsolutions which significantly boost catalytic
                      efficiency of SFM-Ni electrodes. These insights can guide
                      the preparation of improved electrode materials for SOCs,
                      enhancing electrochemical performance at both the micro and
                      macro levels, advancing the field of sustainable energy
                      technologies.},
      cin          = {IET-1},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IET-1-20110218},
      pnm          = {1231 - Electrochemistry for Hydrogen (POF4-123) / HITEC -
                      Helmholtz Interdisciplinary Doctoral Training in Energy and
                      Climate Research (HITEC) (HITEC-20170406)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-1231 / G:(DE-Juel1)HITEC-20170406},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)25},
      doi          = {10.2139/ssrn.4928089},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/1037390},
}