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@ARTICLE{Suarez:1037547,
      author       = {Suarez, Estela and Eicker, Norbert and Hoppe,
                      Hans-Christian},
      title        = {{T}he {DEEP}-{SEA} project: a software stack for
                      heterogeneous and modular supercomputers},
      journal      = {PARS-Mitteilungen},
      volume       = {36},
      issn         = {0177-0454},
      address      = {Erlangen},
      publisher    = {Gesellschaft für Informatik e.V., Fachgruppe PARS},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2025-00736},
      pages        = {7-25},
      year         = {2024},
      abstract     = {Today’s most powerful supercomputers achieve their
                      performance through heterogeneous system architectures that
                      integrate CPUs with accelerators, especially GPUs, and
                      advanced multi-level memory systems. This hardware diversity
                      challenges application developers to adapt legacy code,
                      requiring significant efforts in code evolution and
                      optimisation. The European DEEP-SEA project has developed an
                      integrated software stack for heterogeneous HPC systems,
                      including kernel modules, libraries, management systems and
                      programming abstractions. It supports heterogeneous hardware
                      configurations including modular supercomputers, enabling
                      optimal resource allocation, application of malleability and
                      programming model composability. Enhanced tools and data
                      placement policies improved performance on DRAM and fast
                      memory. Results were made publicly available, ensuring
                      sustainability through integration with upstream open source
                      projects and extension of HPC standards. This paper
                      summarises the DEEP-SEA project’s contributions to a wide
                      variety of software packages and developments.},
      cin          = {JSC},
      ddc          = {004},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)JSC-20090406},
      pnm          = {5122 - Future Computing $\&$ Big Data Systems (POF4-512) /
                      DEEP - Dynamical Exascale Entry Platform (287530) / DEEP-ER
                      - DEEP Extended Reach (610476) / DEEP-EST - DEEP - Extreme
                      Scale Technologies (754304) / DEEP-SEA - DEEP – SOFTWARE
                      FOR EXASCALE ARCHITECTURES (955606)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-5122 / G:(EU-Grant)287530 /
                      G:(EU-Grant)610476 / G:(EU-Grant)754304 /
                      G:(EU-Grant)955606},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/1037547},
}