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@ARTICLE{Wehrle:1037612,
      author       = {Wehrle, Simon and Vogeley, Kai and Grice, Martine},
      title        = {{B}ackchannels in conversations between autistic adults are
                      less frequent and less diverse prosodically and lexically},
      journal      = {Language and cognition},
      volume       = {16},
      number       = {1},
      issn         = {1866-9808},
      address      = {Cambridge},
      publisher    = {Cambridge Univ. Press},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2025-00783},
      pages        = {108 - 133},
      year         = {2024},
      abstract     = {Backchannels (BCs; listener signals such as ‘mmhm’ or
                      ‘okay’) are a ubiquitous and essentialfeature of spoken
                      interaction. They are used by listeners predominantly to
                      support theongoing turn of their interlocutor and to signal
                      understanding and agreement. Listenersseem to be highly
                      sensitive to the exact realisations of BCs and to judge
                      deviations fromtypical forms as negative. Very little is
                      known about the use of BCs by speakers diagnosedwith autism
                      spectrum disorder (ASD). In dialogue recordings of 28 German
                      adults in twogroups of disposition-matched dyads (i.e., both
                      interlocutors were either autistic or nonautistic),we found
                      that the ASD group was characterised by (1) a lower rate of
                      BCs perminute (particularly in the early stages of
                      conversation), (2) less diversity in the lexicalrealisation
                      of BCs and (3) a less diverse and flexible mapping of
                      different intonation contoursto different BC types. We
                      interpret these results as reflecting more general
                      characteristics ofautistic as compared to non-autistic
                      individuals, namely different strategies in
                      signallingattention towards an interlocutor and less
                      flexible behaviour in social interaction.},
      cin          = {INM-3},
      ddc          = {400},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)INM-3-20090406},
      pnm          = {5251 - Multilevel Brain Organization and Variability
                      (POF4-525) / DFG project 281511265 - SFB 1252: Prominenz in
                      Sprache (281511265)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-5251 / G:(GEPRIS)281511265},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:001009572600001},
      doi          = {10.1017/langcog.2023.21},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/1037612},
}