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@ARTICLE{Hassanian:1037658,
      author       = {Hassanian, R. and Helgadóttir, Á. and Bouhlali, L. and
                      Riedel, M.},
      title        = {{A}n experiment generates a specified mean strained rate
                      turbulent flow: {D}ynamics of particles},
      journal      = {Physics of fluids},
      volume       = {35},
      number       = {1},
      issn         = {1527-2435},
      publisher    = {American Institute of Physics},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2025-00823},
      pages        = {015124},
      year         = {2023},
      abstract     = {This study aimed to simulate straining turbulent flow
                      empirically, having direct similarities with vast naturally
                      occurring flows and engineering applications. The flow was
                      generated in and seeded with passive and inertial particles.
                      Lagrangian particle tracking and particle image velocimetry
                      were employed to extract the dynamics of particle statistics
                      and flow features, respectively. The studies for
                      axisymmetric straining turbulent flow reported that the
                      strain rate, flow geometry, and gravity affect particle
                      statistics. To practically investigate mentioned effects in
                      the literature, we present the behavior of both passive and
                      inertial particles from the novel experiment conducted on
                      initially homogeneous turbulence undergoing a sudden
                      axisymmetric expansion. We represent the result with two
                      different mean strains and Reynolds–Taylor microscales.
                      However, this study, in contrast to the previous studies,
                      considers the fields of inertial particles in the presence
                      of gravity. The result discloses that the novel designed and
                      conducted experiments simulated the flow satisfactorily.
                      Then, the particle behavior in such flow showed the
                      effectiveness of the flow distortion on particle dynamics
                      such as velocity root mean square and Reynolds stress.
                      Straining turbulence flow is subject to many industrial
                      applications and physics studies, such as stagnation points,
                      external flow around an airfoil, internal flow in changeable
                      cross section pipe, expansion in the engine mixing chamber,
                      and leading edge erosion. This study's conclusion could
                      apply constructively to these areas.},
      cin          = {JSC},
      ddc          = {530},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)JSC-20090406},
      pnm          = {5111 - Domain-Specific Simulation $\&$ Data Life Cycle Labs
                      (SDLs) and Research Groups (POF4-511) / RAISE - Research on
                      AI- and Simulation-Based Engineering at Exascale (951733) /
                      EUROCC - National Competence Centres in the framework of
                      EuroHPC (951732)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-5111 / G:(EU-Grant)951733 /
                      G:(EU-Grant)951732},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000911212900013},
      doi          = {10.1063/5.0134306},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/1037658},
}