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@INPROCEEDINGS{Galkina:1037736,
      author       = {Galkina, Irina and Faid, Alaa Y. and Grigorev, Nikita and
                      Jiang, Wulyu and Borowski, Patrick and Sunde, Svein and
                      Shviro, Meital and Lehnert, Werner and Mechler, Anna K. and
                      Scheepers, Fabian},
      title        = {{P}romoting {AEM} {W}ater {E}lectrolyzer {P}erformance and
                      {R}eproducibility by {T}umbler {M}illing of {N}i 3 fe-{LDH}
                      {OER} {C}atalyst},
      issn         = {2151-2043},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2025-00896},
      year         = {2023},
      abstract     = {Anion exchange membrane water electrolysis is an attractive
                      clean energy technology for producing hydrogen for energy
                      storage, transport 1,2 and numerous other applications.
                      Rational choice of highly active and stable catalysts as
                      well as the proper design of catalyst layers are crucial to
                      achieve technical relevance of electrolyser systems. The
                      establishment of clear understanding of optimal catalyst
                      treatment and methods of implementation are key steps
                      towards optimized electrolyzer performance and durability.
                      One aspect of catalyst performance in catalyst layers is the
                      catalyst size distribution. A multimodal size distribution
                      of catalyst particles or agglomerates can jeopardize the
                      layer homogeneity and thus electrode performance.In this
                      work, the effect of high-energy ball tumbling milling on the
                      promising Ni3Fe-LDH OER catalyst followed by catalyst
                      dispersion control was correlated to the microstructure of
                      the catalyst layer, the achieved catalyst activity and
                      utilization, and the resulting single cell performance and
                      stability. Physico-chemical characterization confirmed the
                      stable layered double hydroxide structure of the catalyst.
                      By milling, a 300-fold reduction of catalyst agglomerate
                      size, and an 8.8-fold increase of the geometrical surface
                      was achieved. The optimized solvent compositions effectively
                      increased the catalyst ink stability. We found that a
                      significantly decreased catalyst agglomerate size resulted
                      in very homogeneous mixtures of catalyst and ionomer. By
                      tailoring the electrode structure design, lower internal
                      electronic resistances of the electrodes, decreased
                      charge-transfer resistances (Rct) of the membrane electrode
                      assembly, and stable single cell durability of 1000 h with a
                      minor degradation rate of 57 µV h-1 were accomplished.This
                      work presents a facile and scalable approach of NiFe-LDH
                      catalyst treatment and dispersion control and provides a
                      guideline to follow for further electrode development and
                      increased AEM water electrolyzer performances.},
      month         = {Oct},
      date          = {2023-10-08},
      organization  = {244th ECS Meeting, Gothenburg
                       (Sweden), 8 Oct 2023 - 12 Oct 2023},
      cin          = {IEK-14 / IET-4},
      ddc          = {540},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IEK-14-20191129 / I:(DE-Juel1)IET-4-20191129},
      pnm          = {1231 - Electrochemistry for Hydrogen (POF4-123)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-1231},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)1},
      doi          = {10.1149/MA2023-02422138mtgabs},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/1037736},
}