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@INPROCEEDINGS{Scheepers:1037740,
      author       = {Scheepers, Fabian and Staehler, Markus and Burdzik, Andrea
                      and Müller, Martin},
      title        = {{D}esign and {O}peration of {PEM}-{E}lectrolyzers
                      {C}onsidering {C}ost and {E}fficiency},
      issn         = {2151-2043},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2025-00900},
      year         = {2023},
      abstract     = {The design and operation of electrolyzers are always a
                      trade-off between parameters that contrarily affect
                      performance and operational goals. This talk will discuss
                      some of those.Compression of the product gases within an
                      electrochemical process is often discussed as an alternative
                      to subsequent mechanical compression. On the one hand, the
                      electrochemical compression is advantageous in terms of
                      energy efficiency; on the other hand, elevated gas pressure
                      is responsible for increased gas loss due to permeation
                      across the membrane. This can be prevented by using thicker
                      membranes; in return, it impairs the proton transport in the
                      electrolyzer and ultimately reduces its performance. It is
                      therefore advisable to discuss an energetically sensible gas
                      pressure level. As gas permeation is a crucial impact on
                      this trade-off, it needs to be discussed how it is affected
                      through operating conditions. Aside from the gas pressure
                      difference between anode and cathode, the diffusion rate
                      increases exponentially with temperature. However, lowering
                      the stack temperature diminishes the electrochemical
                      reaction kinetics as well as the ion conductivity of the
                      ionomer. Hence, the influence of gas pressure, stack
                      temperature and polarization curves on the plant efficiency
                      are inextricably linked. Simulation results indicate that
                      the energetically optimal design and operating conditions
                      are functions of the applied cell voltage. As the design of
                      the electrolysis plant is determined by its installation,
                      only the operating conditions can be chosen flexibly.
                      Economically, investment costs are best allocated to the
                      cost of hydrogen when using high current density in order to
                      have a high production capacity. On the contrary, a high
                      current density also means a high cell voltage, which in
                      turn results in a low plant efficiency and is responsible
                      for high operating costs. Considering all these effects, the
                      complexity of dependencies between parameters will be
                      illustrated in this talk and how modeling can be used to
                      access them. The results will outline challenges as well as
                      directions how the technology can be further developed in
                      future.},
      month         = {Oct},
      date          = {2023-10-08},
      organization  = {244th ECS Meeting, Gothenburg
                       (Sweden), 8 Oct 2023 - 12 Oct 2023},
      cin          = {IEK-14 / IET-4},
      ddc          = {540},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IEK-14-20191129 / I:(DE-Juel1)IET-4-20191129},
      pnm          = {1231 - Electrochemistry for Hydrogen (POF4-123)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-1231},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)1},
      doi          = {10.1149/MA2023-02381844mtgabs},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/1037740},
}