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@INPROCEEDINGS{Kopsch:1037863,
      author       = {Kopsch, Markus Alexander and Müller, Michael},
      title        = {{I}nvestigations on chemical hot gas cleaning of alkali,
                      chlorine and sulphur species in a sorption-enhanced biomass
                      gasification process},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2025-01006},
      year         = {2024},
      abstract     = {The EU project GICO ("Gasification Integrated with CO2
                      capture and conversion", Grant Agreement No 101006656)
                      focuses on the development of small to medium scale residual
                      biomass plants based on sorption enhanced gasification. The
                      use of CaO sorbents in a
                      low-temperature-fluidised-bed-gasifier shifts the
                      thermodynamic equilibrium towards higher H2 concentrations
                      (from approximately $40\%$ H2 to $75\%$ H2) which is
                      beneficial for the operation of a high temperature fuel
                      cell. Simultaneously, a CO2-rich gas stream is produced by
                      calcination of the resulting calcium carbonate allowing for
                      carbon capture and utilisation.To remove harmful inorganic
                      trace substances (sour gases and alkali compounds) from
                      synthe-sis gases derived from residual biomass, suitable
                      sorbents were first selected for the gasifier (650 °C) and
                      the calciner (920 °C) based on literature and thermodynamic
                      calculations. Several metals/metal oxides, aluminosilicates
                      and alkaline earth compounds were considered. Equilibrium
                      calculations with FactSage showed that aluminosilicates,
                      Sr-, and Ba-based sorbents could reduce the alkali,
                      respectively sour gas (H2S/SO2, HCl) concentration to sub
                      ppmv levels. Condensation calculations revealed the need for
                      temperature-resistant H2S sorbents since conventional ones,
                      e.g. zinc oxide, tend to evaporate at the intended operation
                      temperature, leading to the condensation of unwanted salts
                      and oxides in colder parts of the plant. According to the
                      calculations, unsaturated H2S/HCl sorption material from the
                      gasifier such as BaCO3 and SrCO3 can be reused as SO2/ HCl
                      sorbents on the calciner side.The sorption efficiency and
                      capacity of aluminosilicates, alkaline earth, and rare
                      earths-based sorbents was determined by mass spectrometry
                      (MS) in fixed bed lab-scale investigations with simulated
                      syngas. The investigations showed that aluminosilicates are
                      suitable for alkali removal. Furthermore, the results
                      indicate that Ca-stabilized Sr- and Ba-sorbents reduce H2S
                      sufficiently. In both cases, concentrations could be brought
                      below 1 ppmv.Based on both thermodynamic calculations as
                      well as experimental results, hot gas cleaning concepts for
                      the entire process are proposed.},
      month         = {Sep},
      date          = {2024-09-23},
      organization  = {12th International Freiberg Conference
                       on Circular Carbon Technologies,
                       Shanghai (Peoples R China), 23 Sep 2024
                       - 27 Sep 2024},
      subtyp        = {After Call},
      cin          = {IMD-1},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IMD-1-20101013},
      pnm          = {1232 - Power-based Fuels and Chemicals (POF4-123) / 1241 -
                      Gas turbines (POF4-124) / GICO - Gasification Integrated
                      with CO2 capture and conversion (101006656)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-1232 / G:(DE-HGF)POF4-1241 /
                      G:(EU-Grant)101006656},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)6},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/1037863},
}