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@ARTICLE{Descamps:1038098,
      author       = {Descamps, Thomas and Liu, Feng and Hangleiter, Tobias and
                      Kindel, Sebastian and Kardynał, Beata E. and Bluhm,
                      Hendrik},
      title        = {{M}illikelvin confocal microscope with free-space access
                      and high-frequency electrical control},
      journal      = {Review of scientific instruments},
      volume       = {95},
      number       = {8},
      issn         = {0034-6748},
      address      = {[Melville, NY]},
      publisher    = {AIP Publishing},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2025-01145},
      pages        = {083706},
      year         = {2024},
      abstract     = {Cryogenic confocal microscopy is a powerful method for
                      studying solid state quantum devices such as single photon
                      sources and optically controlled qubits. While the vast
                      majority of such studies have been conducted at temperatures
                      of a few Kelvin, experiments involving fragile quantum
                      effects often require lower operating temperatures. To also
                      allow for electrical dynamic control, microwave connectivity
                      is required. For polarization-sensitive studies, free space
                      optical access is advantageous compared to fiber coupling.
                      Here we present a confocal microscope in a dilution
                      refrigerator providing all the above features at
                      temperatures below 100 mK. The installed high frequency
                      cabling meets the requirements for state-of-the-art spin
                      qubit experiments. As another unique advantage of our
                      system, the sample fitting inside a large puck can be
                      exchanged while keeping the cryostat cold with minimal
                      realignment. Assessing the performance of the instrument, we
                      demonstrate confocal imaging, sub-nanosecond modulation of
                      the emission wavelength of a suitable sample, and an
                      electron temperature of 76 mK. While the instrument was
                      constructed primarily with the development of optical
                      interfaces to electrically controlled qubits in mind, it can
                      be used for many experiments involving quantum transport,
                      solid state quantum optics, and microwave-optical
                      transducers.},
      cin          = {PGI-9 / JARA-FIT},
      ddc          = {620},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)PGI-9-20110106 / $I:(DE-82)080009_20140620$},
      pnm          = {5224 - Quantum Networking (POF4-522)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-5224},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      pubmed       = {39120446},
      UT           = {WOS:001287923500001},
      doi          = {10.1063/5.0200889},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/1038098},
}