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@INPROCEEDINGS{Uecker:1038448,
      author       = {Uecker, Jan and Vibhu, Vaibhav and Unachukwu, Ifeanyichukwu
                      Daniel and Vinke, Izaak C. and de Haart, L. G. J. and
                      Eichel, Rüdiger-A.},
      title        = {{E}lectrochemical {A}ctivity and {S}tability of {P}ure
                      {G}adolinium {D}oped {C}eria as {F}uel {E}lectrode in
                      {S}olid {O}xide {E}lectrolysis {C}ell},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2025-01444},
      year         = {2023},
      abstract     = {The state-of-the-art fuel electrode materials for solid
                      oxide electrolysis cells (SOECs) are Ni-cermets due to their
                      high electro-catalytic activity, high electrical
                      conductivity and the low price. However, one major concern
                      that must be solved for a widespread commercialisation is
                      their poor degradation behaviour during electrolysis
                      operation caused by for example Ni migration, depletion and
                      agglomeration in the fuel electrode. One strategy to improve
                      the durability of SOECs is the usage of alternative fuel
                      electrode materials. For instance, completely Ni-free fuel
                      electrodes may solve the problems of morphological
                      degradation during operation and further could enhance redox
                      cycling stability. Within possible candidates, gadolinium
                      doped ceria (GDC) is an interesting material due to good
                      stability towards carbon deposition and the possibility to
                      host electro catalysis in electrolysis reactions [1, 2].
                      Furthermore, GDC (Ce0.8Gd0.2O2-δ) shows electronic
                      conducting (700 °C, 0.028 S·cm-1) and ionic conducting
                      (700 °C, 0.47 S·cm-1) properties at low partial pressures
                      of oxygen and high temperatures [3]. Hence, in this work we
                      have prepared electrolyte supported single cells with GDC
                      (Ce0.8Gd0.2O2-δ) as single phase fuel electrode for their
                      use as SOEC. The single cells (GDC//8YSZ//GDC//LSCF) were
                      characterized by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy
                      (EIS) and current-voltage characteristics in steam
                      electrolysis, co-electrolysis and CO2 electrolysis
                      conditions exhibiting 70 $\%$ of the performance compared to
                      similar produced Ni-GDC fuel electrode single cells at 900
                      °C [4]. Furthermore, the results include process analysis
                      by EIS, long term stability experiments for steam
                      electrolysis and CO2 electrolysis conditions of at least
                      1000 hours and post characterization of the degraded cells
                      by EIS, SEM and EDX analysis.[1] Nakmura et al. Journal of
                      the Electrochemical Society155 (2008) B563.[2] Chueh et al.
                      Nature Materials11 (2012) 155-161.[3] Maricle et al. Solid
                      State Ionics52 (1992) 173-182.[4] Unachukwu et al. Journal
                      of Power Sources556 (2023) 232436.},
      month         = {Jul},
      date          = {2023-07-02},
      organization  = {SOFC: Eighteenth International
                       Symposium on Solid Oxide Fuel Cells
                       (SOFC-XVIII), Boston (USA), 2 Jul 2023
                       - 7 Jul 2023},
      cin          = {IEK-9},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IEK-9-20110218},
      pnm          = {1232 - Power-based Fuels and Chemicals (POF4-123) / HITEC -
                      Helmholtz Interdisciplinary Doctoral Training in Energy and
                      Climate Research (HITEC) (HITEC-20170406)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-1232 / G:(DE-Juel1)HITEC-20170406},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)1},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/1038448},
}